ReviewNuclear medicine and molecular imaging2020
Brain Glymphatic/Lymphatic Imaging by MRI and PET.
Review in Nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glymphatic Dysfunction, Brain Damage, and Clinical Disability in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
- Isolating fast and slow flows in three-dimensional fluid dynamics.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The meningeal lymphatic vessel-peripheral immune axis: a novel therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Multimodal neuroimaging of brain microstructure and hippocampal morphology alterations in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Photoacoustic computed tomography monitors cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and glymphatic function.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Mapping the Brain's Glymphatic System.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Brain displacement and nonlinear deformation following human spaceflight.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Post-stroke glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic dysfunction: mechanisms, imaging evidence, and translational challenges.Frontiers in stroke · 2026Review
- Beyond AQP-4: convergent glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic dysfunction underlying multifactorial migraine pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Periventricular diffusivity reflects APOE ε4-modulated amyloid accumulation and cognitive impairment in the Alzheimer's disease continuum.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- The glymphatic system in Huntington's disease.Journal of Huntington's disease · 2025Review
- A review of cerebrospinal fluid circulation with respect to Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia in brachycephalic dogs.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Review
- MUSE and PROPELLER DWI for ADC in parasagittal dura: insights from high-resolution and reduced-distortion DWI.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nano-fluorescence imaging: advancing lymphatic disease diagnosis and monitoring.Nano convergence · 2024Review
- Blockage of CSF Outflow in Rats after Deep Cervical Lymph Node Ligation Observed Using Gd-based MR Imaging.Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 2024Article
- The Cerebrovascular Side of Plasticity: Microvascular Architecture across Health and Neurodegenerative and Vascular Diseases.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Impaired sleep is associated with tau deposition onJournal of the neurological sciences · 2024Article
- The glymphatic system in migraine and other headaches.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Review
- Intrathecal [Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since glymphatic was proposed and meningeal lymphatic was discovered, MRI and even PET were introduced to investigate brain parenchymal interstitial fluid (ISF), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and lymphatic outflow in rodents and humans. Previous findings by ex vivo fluorescent microscopic, and in vivo two-photon imaging in rodents were reproduced using intrathecal contrast (gadobutrol and the similar)-enhanced MRI in rodents and further in humans. On dynamic MRI of meningeal lymphatics, in contrast to rodents, humans use mainly dorsal meningeal lymphatic pathways of ISF-CSF-lymphatic efflux. In mice, ISF-CSF exchange was examined thoroughly using an intra-cistern injection of fluorescent tracers during sleep, aging, and neurodegeneration yielding many details. CSF to lymphatic efflux is across arachnoid barrier cells over the dorsal dura in rodents and in humans. Meningeal lymphatic efflux to cervical lymph nodes and systemic circulation is also well-delineated especially in humans onintrathecal contrast MRI. Sleep- or anesthesia-related changes of glymphatic-lymphatic flow and the coupling of ISF-CSF-lymphatic drainage are major confounders ininterpreting brain glymphatic/lymphatic outflow in rodents. PET imaging in humans should be interpreted based on human anatomy and physiology, different in some aspects, using MRI recently. Based on the summary in this review, we propose non-invasive and longer-term intrathecal SPECT/PET or MRI studies to unravel the roles of brain glymphatic/lymphatic in diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.