ArticleBMJ open2020
Effect of concussion on salary and employment: a population-based event time study using a quasi-experimental design.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05562232 (The Effect of Creatine Monohydrate on Persistent Post-concussive Symptoms - a Pilot Study Protocol), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Creatine Monohydrate on Persistent Post-concussive Symptoms - a Pilot Study Protocol
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Concussion: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Investigation of Study Procedures to Estimate Sensitivity and Reliability of a Virtual Physical Assessment Developed for Workplace Concussions: Method-Comparison Feasibility Study.JMIR neurotechnology · 2024Article
- Virtual reality-based interventions for the rehabilitation of vestibular and balance impairments post-concussion: a scoping review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Inflammatory cytokines associated with mild traumatic brain injury and clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Pilot study protocol of a randomized controlled trial for the potential effects of creatine monohydrate on persistent post-concussive symptoms.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Outlining the Invisible: Experiences and Perspectives Regarding Concussion Recovery, Return-to-Work, and Resource Gaps.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Employment and Economic Outcomes of Participants With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the TRACK-TBI Study.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Mental Health Outcomes Across the Lifespan in Individuals With Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms: A Scoping Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveConcussions are the most frequent traumatic brain injuries. Yet, the socioeconomic impact of concussions remains unclear. Socioeconomic effects of concussions on working-age adults were studied on a population scale.
designThis population-based, event time study uses administrative data as well as hospital and emergency room records for the population of Denmark.
settingWe study all Danish patients, aged 20-59 years, who were treated at a public hospital or at an emergency room between 2003 and 2017 after suffering a concussion without other intracranial or extracranial injuries (n=55 424 unique individuals). None of the patients had a prior diagnosis of intracranial or extracranial injuries within the past 10 years leading up to the incident. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: As primary endpoint, we investigate the mean effect of concussion on annual salaried income within a 5-year period after trauma. In an exploratory analysis, we study whether the potential impact of concussion on annual salaried income is driven by patient age, education or economic cycle.
resultsConcussion was associated with an average change in annual salary income of -€1223 (95% CI: -€1540 to -905, p<0.001) corresponding to a salary change of -4.2% (95% CI: -5.2% to -3.1 %). People between 30 and 39 years and those without high school degrees suffered the largest salary decreases. Affected individuals leaving the workforce drove the main part of the decrease. Absolute annual effect sizes were countercyclical to the unemployment rate.
conclusionsConcussions have a large and long-lasting impact on salary and employment of working-age adults on a nationwide scale.
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