SynthesisHarm reduction journal2020
Hepatitis B virus infection among people who use drugs in Iran: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trend analysis.
Synthesis in Harm reduction journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of antibodies against rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis b, and Toxoplasma gondii in women of reproductive age prior to conception in Iran.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Among People Who Use Drugs in Turkey.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Predictors of Knowledge and Risk Perception on Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs in Dodoma, Tanzania: A Cross-sectional Study.The East African health research journal · 2025Article
- Self-reported lifetime Hepatitis B virus testing, and vaccination uptake among people who inject drugs in Iran: a nationwide study in 2020.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The Impact of Drugs and Substance Abuse on Viral Pathogenesis-A South African Perspective.Viruses · 2024Review
- Hepatitis B virus infection among illegal drug users in Enugu State, Nigeria: prevalence, immune status, and related risk factors.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence, Risk Factors and Vaccine Response against Hepatitis B in People Aged 50 Years or Older.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Precore/core mutations of hepatitis B virus genotype D arising in different states of infection.Clinical and experimental hepatology · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Infections among Incarcerated Individuals in Iran: A Cross-Sectional National Bio-behavioral Study in 2019.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPeople who use drugs (PWUD) are considered as one of the main at-risk populations for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We conducted a systematic review on the prevalence of HBV infection among PWUD in Iran.
methodsConsistent with PRISMA guideline, international (Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase) and national (Scientific Information Database) databases were searched using a comprehensive search strategy up to September 2019. The retrieved records were reviewed, and experts were contacted for unpublished studies. Studies on Iranian PWUD reporting HBV surface Antigen (HBsAg) prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) and non-injecting PWUD were included. HBsAg prevalence was pooled for PWID and non-injecting PWUD and for other subgroups using random-effects model meta-analysis. The trend of HBV prevalence over time was investigated using meta-regression analysis.
resultsOverall, 35 studies reported data on HBV infection among PWID (33 studies) and non-injecting PWUD (11 studies). The pooled prevalence of HBsAg among PWID was 4.8% (95% CI 3.7-6.2). The only risk factor significantly associated with the odds of positive HBsAg in PWID was the previous history of imprisonment (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.29-2.30, p value = 0.000). The pooled estimate of HBsAg among non-injecting PWUD was 2.9% (95% CI 2.5-3.2). Time trend analyses showed significant decrease in HBV prevalence among PWID reaching from 8.2% (95% CI 3.9-16.5) in 2004-2006 to 3.1% (95% CI 2.3-4.1) in 2016 and later (b = -0.07; p value = 0.05). No significant trend was detected for non-injecting PWUD.
conclusionThe prevalence of HBV infection among non-injecting PWUD and even PWID was not considerably higher than the Iranian general population. This might be the result of extensive harm reduction interventions in Iran. However, it seems that there are subgroups of PWID, who do not adequately benefit from existing harm reduction interventions. Future programs should more specifically target these high-risk groups.
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