ArticleAnnals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials2020
A high prevalence of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli in a Nepali tertiary care hospital and associated widespread distribution of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-encoding genes.
Article in Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of multidrug-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Co-occurrence of triple ESBL-associated genes (blaBMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Insights ofInternational journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Analysis of the Concordance Between the Use of Phenotypic Screening Tests with the β-Lactamase Gene Profile in Selected Gram-Negative Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Thymoquinone and 3HQ synergy inhibits CTX-M-15 ESBL.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Article
- Global Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC)-Producing Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates: A Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Metagenomic analysis of human, animal, and environmental samples identifies potential emerging pathogens, profiles antibiotic resistance genes, and reveals horizontal gene transfer dynamics.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Emerging Trends of Beta-Lactamases in Western Nepal: A Growing Public Health Concern.International journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Phenotypic and Genotypic Profiles of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The causes of bacterial bloodstream infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns in children attending a secondary care hospital in Bhaktapur, Nepal, 2017-2022: a retrospective study.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Prevalence ofThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2024Article
- Molecular Epidemiology ofThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2024Article
- Carbapenem Resistance inBioMed research international · 2024Article
- Article
- Molecular detection of plasmid mediated blaAnnals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2023Article
- Multi-drug resistant ESKAPE pathogens and the uses of plants as their antimicrobial agents.Archives of microbiology · 2023Review
- Multi-drug Resistance, β-Lactamases Production, and Coexistence ofMicrobiology insights · 2023Article
- The Resistance Mechanisms and Clinical Impact of Resistance to the Third Generation Cephalosporins in Species ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Genome-wide identification of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial (CR-GNB) isolates retrieved from hospitalized patients in Bihar, India.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Detection of NDM Variants (Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMulti-drug resistance (MDR) and extensive-drug resistance (XDR) associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacteria are global public health concerns. Data on circulating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Gram-negative bacteria and their correlation with MDR and ESBL phenotypes from Nepal is scarce.
methodsA retrospective study was performed investigating the distribution of ESBL and carbapenemase genes and their potential association with ESBL and MDR phenotypes in E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Acinetobacter spp. isolated in a major tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal, between 2012 and 2018.
resultsDuring this period, the hospital isolated 719 E. coli, 532 Klebsiella spp., 520 Enterobacter spp. and 382 Acinetobacter spp.; 1955/2153 (90.1%) of isolates were MDR and half (1080/2153) were ESBL producers. Upon PCR amplification, bla
conclusionsThis study documents an alarming level of AMR with high prevalence of MDR ESBL- and carbapenemase-positive ESKAPE microorganisms in our clinical setting. These data suggest a scenario where the clinical management of infected patients is increasingly difficult and requires the use of last-resort antimicrobials, which in turn is likely to intensify the magnitude of global AMR crisis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.