ArticleBiomedicines2020
Low Dose Astaxanthin Treatments Trigger the Hormesis of Human Astroglioma Cells by Up-Regulating the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase and Down-Regulated the Tumor Suppressor Protein P53.
Article in Biomedicines, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Role of Astaxanthin as an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Human Health: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Curcumin Exhibit Hormesis or Synergistic Anticancer Effects in U87 Glioblastoma Cells: Defining the Proteome Accompanying Synergism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Production Methods, Biological Activity and Potential Application Prospects of Astaxanthin.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Astaxanthin in cancer therapy and prevention (Review).Biomedical reports · 2025Review
- Astaxanthin is a Novel Candidate for Glioblastoma Treatment? A Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Natural pigments: innovative extraction technologies and their potential application in health and food industries.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Antioxidants in brain tumors: current therapeutic significance and future prospects.Molecular cancer · 2022Review
- Fenretinide in Cancer and Neurological Disease: A Two-Face Janus Molecule.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Carotenoids: Dietary Sources, Extraction, Encapsulation, Bioavailability, and Health Benefits-A Review of Recent Advancements.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Astaxanthin Sensitizes Low SOD2-Expressing GBM Cell Lines to TRAIL Treatment via Pathway Involving Mitochondrial Membrane Depolarization.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A Comparative Study of Systems Pharmacology and Gene Chip Technology for Predicting Targets of a Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula in Primary Liver Cancer Treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Study on the Enhancement of Immune Function of Astaxanthin fromFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Protopine/Gemcitabine Combination Induces Cytotoxic or Cytoprotective Effects in Cell Type-Specific and Dose-Dependent Manner on Human Cancer and Normal Cells.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is a xanthophyll carotenoid known to have potent anti-cancer effects via upregulation of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which triggers apoptosis of cancer cells. While several studies have shown that AXT has potential as an anti-cancer drug, its effects in glioblastoma multiforme cells remain relatively unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of AXT in the astroglioma cell lines U251-MG, T98G, and CRT-MG. We found that the response to AXT varied between cell lines. Moreover, U251-MG cells showed a specific hormetic response to AXT. At high concentrations (20-40 μM), AXT triggered apoptosis in U251-MG cells, as it has been previously shown in other cancer cell lines. However, low concentrations (4-8 μM) of AXT were found to upregulate the proliferative cell cycle. Furthermore, at low concentrations, AXT did not affect the intracellular ROS levels, while the superoxide dismutase activity increased moderately. Western blot analysis showed that treatment with a low concentration of AXT upregulated cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 2 and p-Cdk2/3 levels and downregulated the expression of tumor protein p53. Thus, our results showed that AXT has a hormetic effect in the astroglioma cell line U251-MG.
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