ReviewNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Are Titania Photocatalysts and Titanium Implants Safe? Review on the Toxicity of Titanium Compounds.
Review in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Fecal Evidence of Metal and Metalloid Exposure in a Free-Ranging Juvenile Southern Elephant Seal (Mirounga leonina) From the Brazilian Coast.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Water-Soluble, Enzyme-Degradable, and Hydrolyzable STAR Particles for Enhanced Drug Delivery to Skin.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- A New Organophosphorus Schiff Base-Titanium(IV) Complex: Synthesis, Structural Insights (XRD/Docking), and Antibacterial Activity.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Metal oxides and their composites for the remediation of organic pesticides: advanced photocatalytic and adsorptive solutions.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Electrically Active Biomaterials for Stimulation and Regeneration in Tissue Engineering.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2025Review
- Gels in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Past, Present, and Future.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Patient Centricity-An Empirical Research on Titanium Dental Implants and Their Adverse Effects on Health Condition.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pre and post-operative serum levels of titanium cobalt and aluminium after implant placement.Bioinformation · 2024Article
- Biomedical Applications of Titanium Alloys: A Comprehensive Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- Resorbable Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration: Critical Features, Potentials, and Limitations.ACS materials Au · 2023Review
- Article
- Can photocatalysis help in the fight against COVID-19 pandemic?Current opinion in green and sustainable chemistry · 2023Review
- Laminin Adsorption and Adhesion of Neurons and Glial Cells on Carbon Implanted Titania Nanotube Scaffolds for Neural Implant Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Exploring the Journey of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) toward Biomedical Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Associations between the Maternal Exposome and Metabolome during Pregnancy.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Article
- The cellulose fibers functionalized with star-like zinc oxide nanoparticles with boosted antibacterial performance for hygienic products.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Electrogalvanism in Oral Implantology: A Systematic Review.International journal of dentistry · 2022Review
- Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of Ti6Al4V Particles Obtained by Implantoplasty: An In Vitro Study. Part I.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Influence of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Human Health and the Environment.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Titanium and its compounds are broadly used in both industrial and domestic products, including jet engines, missiles, prostheses, implants, pigments, cosmetics, food, and photocatalysts for environmental purification and solar energy conversion. Although titanium/titania-containing materials are usually safe for human, animals and environment, increasing concerns on their negative impacts have been postulated. Accordingly, this review covers current knowledge on the toxicity of titania and titanium, in which the behaviour, bioavailability, mechanisms of action, and environmental impacts have been discussed in detail, considering both light and dark conditions. Consequently, the following conclusions have been drawn: (i) titania photocatalysts rarely cause health and environmental problems; (ii) despite the lack of proof, the possible carcinogenicity of titania powders to humans is considered by some authorities; (iii) titanium alloys, commonly applied as implant materials, possess a relatively low health risk; (iv) titania microparticles are less toxic than nanoparticles, independent of the means of exposure; (v) excessive accumulation of titanium in the environment cannot be ignored; (vi) titanium/titania-containing products should be clearly marked with health warning labels, especially for pregnant women and young children; (vi) a key knowledge gap is the lack of comprehensive data about the environmental content and the influence of titania/titanium on biodiversity and the ecological functioning of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.