ArticleAnnals of neurology2021
Regional Brain Growth Trajectories in Fetuses with Congenital Heart Disease.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-regression of sulcal patterns, clinical and environmental factors on neurodevelopmental outcomes in participants with multiple CHD types.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Pooled it
- Brain volumes in congenital heart disease from childhood to adulthood: A pooled neuroimaging study.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Article
- Corpus callosum and subarachnoid space measurements in fetuses with congenital heart disease: a prospective case-control study.Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
- Important Role of Renin-Angiotensin System and Vasopressin System in Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Psychogenic Disorders in Pregnancy and Early Postnatal Life: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Linking maternal blood pressure with fetal cerebral haemodynamics and cortical growth in congenital heart disease.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Brain volumes in fetuses with congenital heart disease and placental vascular abnormalities.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Association of Fetal Cerebrovascular Resistance and Neurodevelopment in Congenital Heart Disease: A Physiology-Based Analysis.Prenatal diagnosis · 2026Article
- Fetal MRI reveals altered prenatal cortical surface area in fetuses later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Typical development of the human fetal subplate: Regional heterogeneity, growth, and asymmetry assessed by in vivo T2-weighted MRI.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The Sooner, the Better: Neuroprotective Strategies in Fetuses With Congenital Heart Disease.Prenatal diagnosis · 2026Review
- Early motor outcomes in infants with complex congenital heart disease: the predictive role of NSE and S100B.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Genetics and Brain Health in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Consensus Statement From the ACHD/Neuro 2024 Conference.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Rethinking cardiac neurodevelopment: a dimensional model of adversity in congenital heart disease.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Cortical morphology and cognitive impairments in adolescents with complex congenital heart disease.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Hippocampal morphometry is altered in infants with congenital heart disease.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Neurodevelopment in congenital heart disease: a review of antenatal mechanisms and therapeutic potentials.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Placental and Fetal Brain Volumes in Congenital Heart Disease Are Smallest Among Fetuses With Genetic Abnormalities.Prenatal diagnosis · 2025Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging based quantitative analysis of placenta and fetal brain in small-for-gestational-age pregnancies: a feasibility study.Pediatric radiology · 2025Article
- Typical development of the human fetal subplate: regional heterogeneity, growth, and asymmetry assessed by in vivo T2-weighted MRI.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCongenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with abnormal brain development in utero. We applied innovative fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to determine whether reduced fetal cerebral substrate delivery impacts the brain globally, or in a region-specific pattern. Our novel design included two control groups, one with and the other without a family history of CHD, to explore the contribution of shared genes and/or fetal environment to brain development.
methodsFrom 2014 to 2018, we enrolled 179 pregnant women into 4 groups: "HLHS/TGA" fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) or transposition of the great arteries (TGA), diagnoses with lowest fetal cerebral substrate delivery; "CHD-other," with other CHD diagnoses; "CHD-related," healthy with a CHD family history; and "optimal control," healthy without a family history. Two MRIs were obtained between 18 and 40 weeks gestation. Random effect regression models assessed group differences in brain volumes and relationships to hemodynamic variables.
resultsHLHS/TGA (n = 24), CHD-other (50), and CHD-related (34) groups each had generally smaller brain volumes than the optimal controls (71). Compared with CHD-related, the HLHS/TGA group had smaller subplate (-13.3% [standard error = 4.3%], p < 0.01) and intermediate (-13.7% [4.3%], p < 0.01) zones, with a similar trend in ventricular zone (-7.1% [1.9%], p = 0.07). These volumetric reductions were associated with lower cerebral substrate delivery.
interpretationFetuses with CHD, especially those with lowest cerebral substrate delivery, show a region-specific pattern of small brain volumes and impaired brain growth before 32 weeks gestation. The brains of fetuses with CHD were more similar to those of CHD-related than optimal controls, suggesting genetic or environmental factors also contribute. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:143-157.
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