ArticleiScience2020
First Responders Shape a Prompt and Sharp NF-κB-Mediated Transcriptional Response to TNF-α.
Article in iScience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ligand-dependent enhancer activation indirectly modulates non-target promoters in a chromatin domain.eLife · 2026Article
- Heterogeneous NF-κB activation and enhancer features shape transcription in Drosophila immunity.Biophysical journal · 2026Article
- Timing is everything: transcription bursting in development.Genes & development · 2025Review
- Heterogeneous NF-κB activation and enhancer features shape transcription inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Deciphering HIV-1 Transcription Initiation and Elongation from Single-Molecule Imaging Data.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Linking signaling dynamics and cell fate decisions through single-cell imaging: evidence and challenges.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Review
- Insights on the NF-κB System Using Live Cell Imaging: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- TNF stimulation primarily modulates transcriptional burst size of NF-κB-regulated genes.Molecular systems biology · 2021Article
- Review
- Immune Regulation in Time and Space: The Role of Local- and Long-Range Genomic Interactions in Regulating Immune Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB controls the transcriptional response to inflammatory signals by translocating into the nucleus, but we lack a single-cell characterization of the resulting transcription dynamics. Here we show that upon tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α transcription of NF-κB target genes is heterogeneous in individual cells but results in an average nascent transcription profile that is prompt (i.e., occurs almost immediately) and sharp (i.e., increases and decreases rapidly) compared with NF-κB nuclear localization. Using an NF-κB-controlled MS2 reporter we show that the single-cell nascent transcription is more heterogeneous than NF-κB translocation dynamics, with a fraction of synchronized "first responders" that shape the average transcriptional profile and are more prone to respond to multiple TNF-α stimulations. A mathematical model combining NF-κB-mediated gene activation and a gene refractory state is able to reproduce these features. Our work shows how the expression of target genes induced by transcriptional activators can be heterogeneous across single cells and yet time resolved on average.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.