ArticleHeliyon2020
Mode of delivery, order of birth, parental age gap and autism spectrum disorder among Malaysian children: A case-control study.
Article in Heliyon, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effect of cesarean section on the risk of autism spectrum disorders/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a meta-analysis.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Pooled it
- Exploring factors associated with autism spectrum disorder diagnosis among children in primary care clinics in Kelantan, Malaysia.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Long-Term Outcomes of Early Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening: Prevalence and Diagnostic Stability in a Decade-Long Cohort from Türkiye.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis Disease Prevalence in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Prospective Observational Study.Molecular syndromology · 2025Article
- Socio-medical factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorders on the Kenyan coast.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Pre-autism: What a paediatrician should know about early diagnosis of autism.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2023Review
- Association between Cesarean section and neurodevelopmental disorders in a Japanese birth cohort: the Japan Environment and Children's Study.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Impact of caesarean delivery on children's autism-like behaviours: the mediation of exclusive breastfeeding.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rising prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the last decades has led research to focus on the diagnosis and identification of factors associated with ASD. This paper sought for possible factors that put children at risk for ASD. In this study, we investigated the association between ASD and parental ages, parental age gaps, birth order and birth delivery method in Malaysian population. In this school-based case control study, 465 children with ASD 464 controls participated. Questionnaires were distributed to the parents of the selected children through the respective principals. Among the tested variables, Caesarean section (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.20, 2.20), earlier order of birth in the family (OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.59, 0.77) and increasing gap in parental ages (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.001, 1.07) were significantly associated with ASD. This study concludes that Caesarean section, earlier order of birth in the family and increasing gap in parental age are independent risk factors for developing autism among Malaysian children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.