ReviewNPJ science of food2020
Policy, toxicology and physicochemical considerations on the inhalation of high concentrations of food flavour.
Review in NPJ science of food, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization of Ethyl Butyrate-Induced Cough Before and After Breath Control Techniques in Healthy Adults.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2023Trial
- Olfactory-gustatory cross-modal integration: mechanisms of aroma-induced sweetness enhancement, sensory evaluation methodologies, neuroimaging evidence and advances in influencing factors.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Toxicological Evaluation of Vanillin Flavor in E-Liquid Aerosols on Endothelial Cell Function: Findings from the Replica Project.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Article
- Quantitative Food Compounds Enable Dietary Ontology Referencing across 500 Foods and Human Plasma.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- A Review of the Toxicity of Ingredients in e-Cigarettes, Including Those Ingredients Having the FDA's "Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS)" Regulatory Status for Use in Food.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Review
- Toxicity of waterpipe tobacco smoking: the role of flavors, sweeteners, humectants, and charcoal.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Review
- Flavour encapsulation: A comparative analysis of relevant techniques, physiochemical characterisation, stability, and food applications.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- In-situ TD-GCMS measurements of oxidative products of monoterpenes at typical vaping temperatures: implications for inhalation exposure to vaping products.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- E-Cigarette Toxicology.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2022Review
- Investigation of the role of the autophagic protein LC3B in the regulation of human airway epithelium cell differentiation in COPD using a biomimetic model.Materials today. Bio · 2022Article
- E-liquids and vanillin flavoring disrupts retinoic acid signaling and causes craniofacial defects in Xenopus embryos.Developmental biology · 2022Article
- Comprehensive study of α-terpineol-loaded oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion: interfacial property, formulation, physical and chemical stability.NPJ science of food · 2021Article
- Probing the effect of aroma compounds on the hydrodynamic properties of mucin glycoproteins.European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2020Article
- Genotoxicity and mutagenicity assessment of electronic cigarette liquids.Annals of thoracic medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Food flavour ingredients are required by law to obtain prior approval from regulatory bodies, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in terms of toxicological data and intended use levels. However, there are no regulations for labelling the type and concentration of flavour additives on the product, primarily due to their low concentration in food and generally recognised as safe (GRAS) status determined by the flavour and extract manufacturers' association (FEMA). Their status for use in e-cigarettes and other vaping products challenges these fundamental assumptions, because their concentration can be over ten-thousand times higher than in food, and the method of administration is through inhalation, which is currently not evaluated by the FEMA expert panel. This work provides a review of some common flavour ingredients used in food and vaping products, their product concentrations, inhalation toxicity and aroma interactions reported with different biological substrates. We have identified several studies, which suggest that the high concentrations of flavour through inhalation may pose a serious health threat, especially in terms of their cytotoxicity. As a result of the wide range of possible protein-aroma interactions reported in our diet and metabolism, including links to several non-communicable diseases, we suggest that it is instrumental to update current flavour- labelling regulations, and support new strategies of understanding the effects of flavour uptake on the digestive and respiratory systems, in order to prevent the onset of future non-communicable diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.