ArticleNPJ vaccines2020
Ad26 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine encoding a prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spike immunogen induces potent humoral and cellular immune responses.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 249 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase 1/2a Study to Evaluate the Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity of Ad26COVS1 in Adults Aged 18 to 55 Years Inclusive and Adults Aged 65 Years and Older
Serology Testing (Antibody Levels) With Time Following SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) Vaccinations in Residents of Nursing, Extended Care, and Over-55 Communities
Who cites it
249 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 370 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in reducing infection, severity, hospitalization, and mortality: a systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Thromboembolism after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review of Such Events in 286 Patients.Annals of vascular surgery · 2022Pooled it
- Vaccines for COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Immunogenicity, Current Development, and Future Prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Comparing the clinical efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Early transcriptional responses following Ad26.COV2.S vaccination in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.EBioMedicine · 2026Trial
- A randomized, observer-blind, phase 1 study of immune responses to three human adenovirus type 26 vector-based vaccines.EBioMedicine · 2026Trial
- Safety, immunogenicity and pregnancy outcomes in mothers and infants after vaccination with an adenovirus-vector COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S in adolescents: Phase 2 randomized clinical trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Comparison of bivalent and monovalent SARS-CoV-2 variant vaccines: the phase 2 randomized open-label COVAIL trial.Nature medicine · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a booster regimen of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against COVID-19 (ENSEMBLE2): results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- DNA-based vaccines: Advances, applications, and future prospects.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Dual-antigen AdV5 vaccines against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus induce superior humoral and Th1-biased cellular immunity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Vaccinology in the twenty-first century revisited.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Variant-specific spike conformational dynamics shape memory B cell selection during recall.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Long-term cross-variant Fc-mediated immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 induced by a heterologous adenoviral/inactivated virus prime-boost vaccination strategy.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Humoral Immune Correlates Analysis of Four Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 in Rhesus Macaques.Research square · 2026Article
- Antigen-specific IgG glycosylation profiles in hamsters and macaques following COVID-19 vaccination.iScience · 2026Article
- Design and immunogenicity evaluation of pan-recombinant vaccines based on the consensus sequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 spike protein.Scientific reports · 2026Article
189 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Development of effective preventative interventions against SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19 is urgently needed. The viral surface spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a key target for prophylactic measures as it is critical for the viral replication cycle and the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. We evaluated design elements previously shown for other coronavirus S protein-based vaccines to be successful, e.g., prefusion-stabilizing substitutions and heterologous signal peptides, for selection of a S-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate. In vitro characterization demonstrated that the introduction of stabilizing substitutions (i.e., furin cleavage site mutations and two consecutive prolines in the hinge region of S2) increased the ratio of neutralizing versus non-neutralizing antibody binding, suggestive for a prefusion conformation of the S protein. Furthermore, the wild-type signal peptide was best suited for the correct cleavage needed for a natively folded protein. These observations translated into superior immunogenicity in mice where the Ad26 vector encoding for a membrane-bound stabilized S protein with a wild-type signal peptide elicited potent neutralizing humoral immunity and cellular immunity that was polarized towards Th1 IFN-γ. This optimized Ad26 vector-based vaccine for SARS-CoV-2, termed Ad26.COV2.S, is currently being evaluated in a phase I clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04436276).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.