ArticleBMJ open2020
Decomposition of socioeconomic inequalities in child vaccination in Ethiopia: results from the 2011 and 2016 demographic and health surveys.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is context considered in health inequity research and why? An examination of current trends in Ethiopia.Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM · 2026Pooled it
- Socioeconomic inequality in second-dose measles vaccination dropout among children aged 15-35 months in East Africa: A decomposition analysis of a recent Demographic Health Survey.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Immunisation Among Children Aged 12-23 Months in India-A Multilevel Modelling Analysis From the National Family Health Survey (2015-21).Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Progress in reaching zero-dose children: analysis of population-modifiable risk factors and inequity trends in low- and lower-middle-income countries.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Article
- Prevalence of zero-dose vaccination and its associated factors in urban areas of Somali region, Ethiopia: a mixed-methods approach.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Inequalities in full immunization coverage among one-year-olds in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2007-2017.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in immunisation of 12-23 months old children in Malawi: a decomposition analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Trends and inequalities in BCG immunisation coverage among one-year-olds in Sierra Leone, 2008-2019.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Understanding Socioeconomic Inequalities in Zero-Dose Children for Vaccination in Underserved Settings of Ethiopia: Decomposition Analysis Approach.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Decomposition Analysis of Socioeconomic Inequalities in Vaccination Dropout in Remote and Underserved Settings in Ethiopia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Article
- Measuring socioeconomic inequalities in postnatal health checks for newborns in Ethiopia: a decomposition analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Spatial variation and predictors of incomplete pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) uptake among children aged 12-35 months in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analyses.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Exploring trends and determinants of basic childhood vaccination coverage: Empirical evidence over 41 years.PloS one · 2024Article
- Evaluating equity across the continuum of care for maternal health services: analysis of national health surveys from 25 sub-Saharan African countries.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Discovering new pathways toward integration between health and sustainable development goals with natural language processing and network science.Globalization and health · 2023Article
- Article
- Vaccination dropout and wealth related inequality among children aged 12-35 months in remote and underserved settings of Ethiopia: a cross-sectional evaluation survey.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesMonitoring and addressing unnecessary and avoidable differences in child vaccination is a critical global concern. This study aimed to assess socioeconomic inequalities in basic vaccination coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia. DESIGN, SETTING AND
participantsSecondary analyses of cross-sectional data from the two most recent (2011 and 2016) Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys were performed. This analysis included 1930 mother-child pairs in 2011 and 2004 mother-child pairs in 2016. OUTCOME MEASURES: Completion of basic vaccinations was defined based on whether a child received a single dose of Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), three doses of diphtheria, tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTP), three doses of oral polio vaccine and one dose of measles vaccine.
methodsThe concentration Curve and Concentration Indices (CCIs) were used to estimate wealth related to inequalities. The concentration indices were also decomposed to examine the contributing factors to socioeconomic inequalities in childhood vaccination.
resultsFrom 2011 to 2016, the proportion of children who received basic vaccination increased from 24.6% (95% CI 21.4% to 28.0%) to 38.6% (95% CI 34.6% to 42.9%). While coverage of BCG, DTP and polio immunisation increased during the study period, the uptake of measles vaccine decreased. The positive concentration index shows that basic vaccination coverage was pro-rich (CCI=0.212 in 2011 and CCI=0.172 in 2016). The decomposition analysis shows that use of maternal health services such as family planning and antenatal care, socioeconomic status, exposure to media, urban-rural residence and maternal education explain inequalities in basic vaccination coverage in Ethiopia.
conclusionsChildhood vaccination coverage was low in Ethiopia. Vaccination was less likely in poorer than in richer households. Addressing wealth inequalities, enhancing education and improving maternal health service coverage will reduce socioeconomic inequalities in basic vaccination uptake in Ethiopia.
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