ArticleBMC nephrology2020
Prevalence of microalbuminuria and associated factors among HIV - infected ART naïve patients at Mulago hospital: a cross-sectional study in Uganda.
Article in BMC nephrology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microalbuminuria among HIV/AIDS patients in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Hypoalbuminemia in HIV-infected patients: its determinants and correlation with CD4 count in Northern Uganda.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
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- Development of a Risk Model for Predicting Microalbuminuria in the Chinese Population Using Machine Learning Algorithms.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
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Abstract
backgroundHIV infection affects multiple organs and the kidney is a common target making renal disease, one of the recognized complications. Microalbuminuria represents an early, important marker of kidney damage in several populations including HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve patients. Early detection of microalbuminuria is critical to slowing down progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in HIV-infected patients, however, the burden of microalbuminuria in HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve patients in Uganda is unclear.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in the Mulago Immune suppression syndrome (ISS) clinic among adult HIV - infected ART naïve outpatients. Data on patient demographics, medical history was collected. Physical examination was performed to assess body mass index (BMI) and hypertension. A single spot morning urine sample from each participant was analysed for microalbuminuria using spectrophotometry and colorimetry. Microalbuminuria was defined by a urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) 30-299 mg/g and macroalbuminuria by a UACR > 300 mg/g. To assess the factors associated with microalbuminuria, chi-square, Fisher's exact test, quantile regression and logistic regression were used.
resultsA total of 185 adult participants were consecutively enrolled with median age and CD4+ counts of 33(IQR = 28-40) years and 428 (IQR = 145-689) cells/μL respectively. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 18.9% (95% CI, 14-25%). None of the participants had macroalbuminuria. CD4+ count <350cells/μL was associated with increased risk of microalbuminuria (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12-0.59), P value = 0.001). Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake were not found to be significantly associated with microalbuminuria.
conclusionMicroalbuminuria was highly prevalent in adult HIV - infected ART naive patients especially those with low CD4+ count. There is need to study the effect of ART on microalbuminuria in adult HIV - infected patients.
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