ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2020
Forest stratification shapes allometry and flight morphology of tropical butterflies.
Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diel Versus Seasonal Butterfly Community Partitioning in a Hyperdiverse Tropical Rainforest.Insects · 2025Article
- Seasonal changes in 3D space use and foraging strategies in the avivorous batZoological research · 2025Article
- Morphological constraints in hymenopteran forewings limit flight efficiency optimization.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Ecomorphological Convergence Following Niche Shifts in Montane Ground Beetles (Carabidae:Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Enhanced flight performance and adaptive evolution of Mesozoic giant cicadas.Science advances · 2024Article
- Nanostructural Influence on Optical and Thermal Properties of Butterfly Wing Scales Across Forest Vertical Strata.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Wing Shape Variation in Northern Altiplano Ecosystems: The Example of the ButterflyAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Flight behaviour diverges more between seasonal forms than between species inEcology and evolution · 2024Article
- Pervasive mimicry in flight behavior among aposematic butterflies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The Sensory Ecology of Speciation.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2024Review
- Seasonal flooding decreases fruit-feeding butterfly species dominance and increases spatial turnover in floodplain forests of central Amazonia.Ecology and evolution · 2023Article
- TimeTree 5: An Expanded Resource for Species Divergence Times.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- A nondestructive method of calculating the wing area of insects.Ecology and evolution · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Studies of altitudinal and latitudinal gradients have identified links between the evolution of insect flight morphology, landscape structure and microclimate. Although lowland tropical rainforests offer steeper shifts in conditions between the canopy and the understorey, this vertical gradient has received far less attention. Butterflies, because of their great phenotypic plasticity, are excellent models to study selection pressures that mould flight morphology. We examined data collected over 5 years on 64 Nymphalidae butterflies in the Ecuadorian Chocó rainforest. We used phylogenetic methods to control for similarity resulting from common ancestry, and explore the relationships between species stratification and flight morphology. We hypothesized that species should show morphological adaptations related to differing micro-environments, associated with canopy and understorey. We found that butterfly species living in each stratum presented significantly different allometric slopes. Furthermore, a preference for the canopy was significantly associated with low wing area to thoracic volume ratios and high wing aspect ratios, but not with the relative distance to the wing centroid, consistent with extended use of fast flapping flight for canopy butterflies and slow gliding for the understorey. Our results suggest that microclimate differences in vertical gradients are a key factor in generating morphological diversity in flying insects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.