ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2020
Challenges and Opportunities in the Clinical Development of STING Agonists for Cancer Immunotherapy.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 228 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of oncogenic drivers and signaling pathways on immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in NSCLC.Genes & diseases · 2027Review
- The cGAS-STING pathway: mechanistic basis, dual biological functions and translational therapeutic advances.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Blood Cell-Camouflaged Liquid Metal Nanoconjugates Orchestrate Treg Depletion and STING-Amplified Photothermal Immunity for Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Leveraging Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Functional Interplay With an On-Demand Nanoparticle to Boost mtDNA-Based STING Immunotherapy.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Recent progress in cGAS-STING agonist design and mechanisms of cancer immune modulation.RSC chemical biology · 2026Review
- Viral capsid delivery of cGAMP enhances STING-dependent antitumor immune response.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- C92, a proton channel-blocking allosteric STING agonist generates robust antitumor activity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- The Role and Therapeutic Potential of the STING Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Tailoring Vascular-Immune Homeostasis via Manganese-DNA Complex-Armed Immunogenic Extracellular Vesicles for Pancreatic Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Recent advances in lipid nanoparticles for cancer vaccine delivery: Challenges and future perspectives.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Clinical decisions in clonal hematopoiesis: a contemporary review for clinicians.Haematologica · 2026Review
- Albumin-Bound STING Agonist Reprograms HSPCs to Antitumor Neutrophils Enhancing CD8Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- STING agonists as antiviral agents.FEBS letters · 2026Review
- Telmisartan increases olaparib efficacy in homologous recombination proficient tumors by augmenting type I interferon production.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Plasmid DNA vaccines encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles elicit STING-dependent type 1 interferon release.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Targeted Delivery of a Potent STING Agonist Payload via an Antibody-Drug Conjugate Drives Robust Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
- Targeting organelle function in T cells for cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Engineered extracellular vesicles displaying bi-specific T-cell engagers for targeted therapy of B-cell malignancies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Article
- Controlled delivery of STING agonist and manganese ion in injectable PLGA implants for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- In silico discovery and mechanistic profiling of STING agonists engaging the transmembrane domain.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionised cancer therapy. However, they have been effective in only a small subset of patients and a principal mechanism underlying immune-refractoriness is a 'cold' tumour microenvironment, that is, lack of a T-cell-rich, spontaneously inflamed phenotype. As such, there is a demand to develop strategies to transform the tumour milieu of non-responsive patients to one supporting T-cell-based inflammation. The cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway is a fundamental regulator of innate immune sensing of cancer, with potential to enhance tumour rejection through the induction of a pro-inflammatory response dominated by Type I interferons. Recognition of these positive immune-modulatory properties has rapidly elevated the STING pathway as a putative target for immunotherapy, leading to a myriad of preclinical and clinical studies assessing natural and synthetic cyclic dinucleotides and non-nucleotidyl STING agonists. Despite pre-clinical evidence of efficacy, clinical translation has resulted into disappointingly modest efficacy. Poor pharmacokinetic and physiochemical properties of cyclic dinucleotides are key barriers to the development of STING agonists, most of which require intra-tumoral dosing. Development of systemically administered non-nucleotidyl STING agonists, or conjugation with liposomes, polymers and hydrogels may overcome pharmacokinetic limitations and improve drug delivery. In this review, we summarise the body of evidence supporting a synergistic role of STING agonists with currently approved ICI therapies and discuss whether, despite the numerous obstacles encountered to date, the clinical development of STING agonist as novel anti-cancer therapeutics may still hold the promise of broadening the reach of cancer immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.