Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33081114›Full record

GuidelineDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2020

Guideline for Urine Culture and Biochemical Identification of Bacterial Urinary Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings.

Nabil Karah, Rayane Rafei, Wael Elamin, Anan Ghazy, Aula Abbara, Monzer Hamze, Bernt Eric Uhlin

Abstract readGuideline
In one paragraph

Guideline in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Biofilm-Forming Capacity andAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  4. Biogenic chitosan-encapsulated Cu/ZnO nanocomposite surface coating inhibits MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm establishment on orthopedic implants.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026
    Article
  5. High burden of blaBMC microbiology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Nabil KarahDepartment of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-8867-658X
Rayane RafeiLaboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon.
Wael ElaminBroomfield Hospital, Chelmsford CM1 7ET, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2590-6274
Anan GhazyDepartment of Infection, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK.
Aula AbbaraDepartment of Infection, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK.
Monzer HamzeLaboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon.
Bernt Eric UhlinDepartment of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-2991-8072

Funding

Creating Hope in Conflict: A Humanitarian Grand Challenge Project no.: R-HGC-POC-1904-23882Vetenskapsrådet VR-MH project grant 2019-01720
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Medical diagnosis in low-resource settings is confronted by the lack of suitable guidelines, protocols and checklists. Online-accessible procedural documents are difficult to find, might be mistranslated or interpreted and usually do not address the needs of developing countries. Urinalysis, one of the most frequently performed diagnostic examinations worldwide, involves a series of tests aiming to detect particular disorders, such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease and diabetes. In this guideline, we present an alternative approach for clinical laboratories with limited resources to identify common bacterial uropathogens. We propose dividing the identification plan into two levels. The implicated pathogen will first be assigned into a bacterial group, basic identification, against which a suitable panel of antimicrobial agents shall be selected for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Characterization of the pathogen to the genus or species level, advanced identification, will then be performed to ensure correct reading of the AST results and determine the epidemiology of clinically significant pathogens. Most of the proposed steps in our guideline are tailored to meet the needs of clinical laboratories in low-resource settings. Such guidelines are needed to strengthen the capacity of regional pathology laboratories and to enhance international initiatives on antimicrobial resistance and health equity.

Indexed as

Escherichia coliGram-negative rodsurinalysisurinary tract infection

Identifiers

PMID33081114
PMCPMC7602787

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.