SynthesisBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2021
Warfarin dosing algorithms: A systematic review.
Synthesis in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of stable warfarin dose in patients of African ancestry.Blood advances · 2024Pooled it
- Warfarin dosing algorithms: A systematic review.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Pharmacological Management of Thrombosis: Current State and Future Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence and machine learning for precision warfarin dosing: a comprehensive narrative review.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Genomics in Health and Biomedicine.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- The Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 in the Saudi Population and Their Impact on Anticoagulant Management.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- A Prediction Model of Stable Warfarin Doses in Patients After Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement Based on a Machine Learning Algorithm.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- AI-assisted warfarin dose optimisation with CURATE.AI for clinical impact: Retrospective data analysis.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
- Association between knowledge of anticoagulation, INR control, and warfarin-related adverse events: a cross sectional study.BMC research notes · 2025Observational
- A review of precision medicine in developing pharmaceutical products: Perspectives and opportunities.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Comparative performance of pharmacogenetics-based warfarin dosing algorithms in Chinese population: use of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to explore dosing regimen through clinical trial simulation.Pharmacogenetics and genomics · 2024Article
- Association Between NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) Gene Methylation/Expression and Bleeding Incidence Among an Iranian Population Undergoing Warfarin Therapy.Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Optimisation of warfarin-dosing algorithms for Han Chinese patients with CYP2C9*13 variants.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Article
- Pharmacogenomics: Driving Personalized Medicine.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- Pharmacogenomics: current status and future perspectives.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2023Review
- Deriving mechanism-based pharmacodynamic models by reducing quantitative systems pharmacology models: An application to warfarin.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2023Article
- Evaluation of supervised machine learning algorithms in predicting the poor anticoagulation control and stable weekly doses of warfarin.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsNumerous algorithms have been developed to guide warfarin dosing and improve clinical outcomes. We reviewed the algorithms available for various populations and the covariates, performances and risk of bias of these algorithms.
methodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE up to 20 May 2020 and selected studies describing the development, external validation or clinical utility of a multivariable warfarin dosing algorithm. Two investigators conducted data extraction and quality assessment.
resultsOf 10 035 screened records, 266 articles were included in the review, describing the development of 433 dosing algorithms, 481 external validations and 52 clinical utility assessments. Most developed algorithms were for dose initiation (86%), developed by multiple linear regression (65%) and mostly applicable to Asians (49%) or Whites (43%). The most common demographic/clinical/environmental covariates were age (included in 401 algorithms), concomitant medications (270 algorithms) and weight (229 algorithms) while CYP2C9 (329 algorithms), VKORC1 (319 algorithms) and CYP4F2 (92 algorithms) variants were the most common genetic covariates. Only 26% and 7% algorithms were externally validated and evaluated for clinical utility, respectively, with <2% of algorithm developments and external validations being rated as having a low risk of bias.
conclusionMost warfarin dosing algorithms have been developed in Asians and Whites and may not be applicable to under-served populations. Few algorithms have been externally validated, assessed for clinical utility, and/or have a low risk of bias which makes them unreliable for clinical use. Algorithm development and assessment should follow current methodological recommendations to improve reliability and applicability, and under-represented populations should be prioritized.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.