Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33079293›Full record

SynthesisClinical child and family psychology review2021

A Systematic Review of Primary and Secondary Callous-Unemotional Traits and Psychopathy Variants in Youth.

S G Craig, N Goulter, M M Moretti

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Clinical child and family psychology review, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Callous and Unemotional Traits as Precursors to the Development of Female Psychopathy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
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  7. Out of Sync: Parent-Child Behavioral Synchrony in Conduct Problem Subgroups.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
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  14. Measuring the callous-unemotional traits in Spanish juvenile offenders: properties and functioning of the INCA questionnaire in this population.Psychiatry, psychology, and law : an interdisciplinary journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
  16. The Evolving ADHD Phenotype in the Externalizing Context.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

S G CraigDepartment of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada. scraig@sfu.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5951-8424
N GoulterDepartment of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
M M MorettiDepartment of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Two variants of callous-unemotional (CU) traits and psychopathy have been proposed, referred to as primary and secondary. Whereas primary variants are thought to be underpinned by insufficient arousal to emotional cues, secondary variants are thought to develop as a coping mechanism in response to trauma exposure. Compared with adult samples, research on primary and secondary variants in children and adolescents under the age of 18 has only emerged in the past decade, and there is ongoing debate with regards to the identification, defining characteristics, and distinct correlates of these variants. The present systematic review synthesizes the current literature on primary and secondary variants in relation to: (1) constructs used to distinguish and define primary and secondary variants; (2) study population characteristics; (3) data analytic techniques to differentiate variants; and (4) differential associations with theoretically relevant indices related to emotional processing, maltreatment, biomarkers, and behavioral outcomes (e.g., substance use, aggression). This is the first systematic review to examine the growing literature on primary and secondary CU and psychopathy variants among youth. Findings support the distinction between youth with primary versus secondary variants and demonstrate that this distinction is related to unique clinical correlates. Recommendations are made for future research in the field.

Indexed as

Conduct DisorderAdolescentAdultAggressionAntisocial Personality DisorderChildEmotionsHumansAdolescentsCallous-unemotional traitsChildrenMaltreatmentPsychopathy

Identifiers

PMID33079293

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.