ArticleJournal of natural medicines2021
Anthraquinone-containing compound in rhubarb prevents indole production via functional changes in gut microbiota.
Article in Journal of natural medicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated metabolomics and metagenomics reveal divergent caecal metabolic signatures following commercial gut health interventions in broilers.Animal microbiome · 2026Article
- Thiolated chitosan/alginate/Emodin nanoparticles alleviate chronic kidney disease via gut microbiota regulation and intestinal barrier protection.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Host-derived nitrate fuels indole production byScience (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Bioactive components of medicinal-food homology substances alleviating constipation via gut microbiota modulation: a review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Cafeteria and Fast-Food Diets Induce Neuroinflammation, Social Deficits, but a Different Cardiometabolic Phenotype.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Nanomedicine Strategies in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Green Tea with Rhubarb Root Reduces Plasma Lipids While Preserving Gut Microbial Stability in a Healthy Human Cohort.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Dysregulation of lipid metabolism in chronic kidney disease and the role of natural products.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Exploration of the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome and traditional Chinese medicine intervention based on gut microbiota.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Cecal microbiota transplantation: unique influence of cecal microbiota from divergently selected inbred donor lines on cecal microbial profile, serotonergic activity, and aggressive behavior of recipient chickens.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Inhibitory Effects of Rhein on Renal Interstitial Fibrosis via the SHH-Gli1 Signal Pathway.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Gut Microbiota-Related Effects of Tanhuo Decoction in Acute Ischemic Stroke.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Indole is produced from dietary tryptophan by tryptophanase in intestinal bacteria, such as Escherichia coli. In the liver, indole is converted into indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin and risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Probiotics and prebiotics are currently used for suppressing CKD, but there are no drugs that directly suppress indole production. In this study, we developed an optimized HPLC method for analyzing indole production and evaluated the effect of diets and rhubarb on indole production via the changes of gut microbiota. In high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet-fed mice, the indole production was significantly higher than in high-fiber diet-fed mice. We further used the high-carbohydrate diet-fed mice as a model for examining the effect of rhubarb on indole production. The 20% methanol-eluted fraction of aqueous rhubarb extract significantly suppressed indole production, and the eluate constituent rhein 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (RG) contributed to this effect in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of RG depended on the anthraquinone core substructure, i.e., the aglycone moiety (rhein) of RG, which appeared to inhibit the tryptophanase function in gut microbiota. Thus, in addition to earlier reports that rhubarb is an effective CKD treatment, our study demonstrated that the anthraquinone moiety in rhubarb prevents uremic toxin production via functional changes in gut microbiota, which suppresses CKD progression.
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