Observational studyJournal of general internal medicine2021
Effect of Resident Gender and Surname Origin on Clinical Load: Observational Cohort Study in an Internal Medicine Continuity Clinic.
Observational study in Journal of general internal medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Uses of Electronic Health Record Data to Measure the Clinical Learning Environment of Graduate Medical Education Trainees: A Systematic Review.Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of a Gender-Balancing Strategy on Resident Panels in a Primary Care Setting.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Observational
- Quantifying the impact of telemedicine and patient medical advice request messages on physicians' work-outside-work.NPJ digital medicine · 2024Article
- Methods for retrospectively improving race/ethnicity data quality: a scoping review.Epidemiologic reviews · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStudies show patients may have gender or racial preferences for physicians.
objectiveTo determine the degree to which physicians' gender and name characteristics influenced physician clinical load in medical practice, including patient panel size and percent of slots filled.
designObservational cohort study of a continuity clinic site in Rochester, MN, from July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2017 ("historical" period) and July 1, 2018 to January 30, 2020 ("contemporary" period).
participantsInternal medicine resident physicians. MAIN MEASURES: Resident gender, name, and race came from residency management system data. Panel size, percent of appointment slots filled ("slot fill"), panel percent female, and panel percent non-White came from the electronic health record. Multivariable linear regression models calculated beta estimates with 95% confidence intervals and R KEY
resultsOf the 307 internal medicine residents, 122 (40%) were female and 197 (64%) were White. Their patient panels were 51% female (SD 16) and 74% White (SD 6). Female gender was associated with a 5.3 (95% CI 2.7-7.9) patient increase in panel size and a 1.5% (95% CI -0.6 to 3.7) increase in slot fill. European, non-Hispanic surname was associated with a 5.3 (95% CI 2.6-7.9) patient increase in panel size and a 4.3 percent (95% CI 2.1-6.4) increase in slot fill. Race and other name characteristics were not associated with physician clinical load. From the historical to contemporary period, the influence of name characteristics decreased from 9 to 4% for panel size and from 15 to 5% for slot fill.
conclusionsFemale gender and European, non-Hispanic surname origin are associated with increased physician clinical load-even more than race. While these disparities may have serious consequences, they are also addressable.
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