ReviewNature immunology2020
Neuroinflammation after surgery: from mechanisms to therapeutic targets.
Review in Nature immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 166 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Perioperative Use of Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Prevention of Neurocognitive Complications in Older Patients After Non-cardiac Surgery: a 2×2 Factorial Trial
Long-term Follow-up of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Prevention of Neurocognitive Complications in Older Patients After Non-cardiac Surgery
Impact of Perioperative Transcranial Photobiomodulation on Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery in Older Patients After Surgery: a Randomized, Double-blind, Pseudo-modulation-controlled Preliminary Clinical Trial
Who cites it
166 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of Shenmai injection and Shenfu injection on postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Related Neuropathies Post-Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review of Clinical Cases and Outcomes.Obesity surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation and postoperative neurocognitive disorders in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Potential Markers of Neurocognitive Disorders After Cardiac Surgery: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Is Perioperative Dexmedetomidine Associated With a Reduced Risk of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders Following Cardiac Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine in combination with ropivacaine for lumbar paravertebral block in posterior lumbar surgery: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Apolipoprotein E Mimetic Peptide CN-105 and Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients: The Phase 2 MARBLE Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Subanesthetic S-ketamine prevents postoperative delirium and reduces inflammatory cytokines in older patients receiving hip fracture surgery: a randomized, controlled study.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of gastrodin in preventing postoperative delirium following cardiac surgery: a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Effect of Ciprofol on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hip Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Effect of tourniquet technique on postoperative delirium in elderly patients with total knee arthroplasty: a randomized single-blind controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2022Trial
- Astrocyte-centered temporal resilience at the brain-behavior-immunity interface: sleep-circadian disruption and perioperative cognitive vulnerability in older adults.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Engineered nanosponges mitigate peripheral stress-induced neuroinflammation and restore cognitive function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Associations Between Complete Blood Count-Derived Inflammation Indices and Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Prebiotic raffinose attenuates surgery-induced delirium-like behaviors through gut microbiota-mediated serotonergic signaling in frail senescence-accelerated mice: an experimental study using SAMP10 mice.Journal of anesthesia · 2026Article
- Article
- Advances in electroacupuncture for perioperative neurocognitive disorders: mechanisms and clinical evidence.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Histone H3K18 Lactylation Contributes to Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder Through Immune Checkpoint Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Mediated Microglial Pyroptosis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Predictors of postoperative visual and auditory hallucinations in hypertensive vs. non-hypertensive cardiac surgery patients: insights from the prospective multicenter VAACS study.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Microglial galectin-3 disrupts parvalbumin interneurons and hippocampal synchrony, driving cognitive deficits.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
106 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Injury is a key driver of inflammation, a critical yet necessary response involving several mediators that is aimed at restoring tissue homeostasis. Inflammation in the central nervous system can be triggered by a variety of stimuli, some intrinsic to the brain and others arising from peripheral signals. Fine-tuned regulation of this response is crucial in a system that is vulnerable due to, for example, aging and ongoing neurodegeneration. In this context, seemingly harmless interventions like a common surgery to repair a broken limb can overwhelm the immune system and become the driver of further complications such as delirium and other perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Here, we discuss potential mechanisms by which the immune system affects the central nervous system after surgical trauma. Together, these neuroimmune interactions are becoming hallmarks of and potential therapeutic targets for multiple neurologic conditions, including those affecting the perioperative space.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.