ReviewExperimental & molecular medicine2020
Similar sequences but dissimilar biological functions of GDF11 and myostatin.
Review in Experimental & molecular medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise-induced myokines in metabolic regulation: mechanisms, mimetics, and translational potential.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Review
- Research progress on blood therapy for anti-aging.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Identification of novel vertebral development factors through UK Biobank candidate gene search and body imaging analysis.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Emerging Role of Myostatin Inhibitors in the Management of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Associated Sarcopenia and Metabolic Disorders.Journal of bone metabolism · 2025Article
- Impacts of systemic milieu on cerebrovascular and brain aging: insights from heterochronic parabiosis, blood exchange, and plasma transfer experiments.GeroScience · 2025Review
- GDF11 protects against mitochondrial-dysfunction-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation to attenuate osteoarthritis.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Gdf11 regulates left-right asymmetry development through TGF-β signal.Cell proliferation · 2025Article
- Paradigm shift in obesity treatment: an extensive review of current pipeline agents.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- GDF11: An emerging therapeutic target for liver diseases and fibrosis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Review
- AnnoPRO: a strategy for protein function annotation based on multi-scale protein representation and a hybrid deep learning of dual-path encoding.Genome biology · 2024Article
- Relationships of GDF8 and 11 and Their Antagonists With Decline of Grip Strength Among Older Adults in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- A novel splice variant of the human MSTN gene encodes a myostatin-specific myostatin inhibitor.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2023Article
- GDF-11 downregulates placental human chorionic gonadotropin expression by activating SMAD2/3 signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Article
- Snail mediates GDF-8-stimulated human extravillous trophoblast cell invasion by upregulating MMP2 expression.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Article
- GDF11 inhibits adipogenesis and improves mature adipocytes metabolic function via WNT/β-catenin and ALK5/SMAD2/3 pathways.Cell proliferation · 2022Article
- GDF-11 promotes human trophoblast cell invasion by increasing ID2-mediated MMP2 expression.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Article
- Growth differentiation factor-11 downregulates steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression through ALK5-mediated SMAD3 signaling pathway in human granulosa-lutein cells.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2022Article
- Myostatin and its Regulation: A Comprehensive Review of Myostatin Inhibiting Strategies.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Defining the Roles of Cardiokines in Human Aging and Age-Associated Diseases.Frontiers in aging · 2022Review
- Biological Aspects of Selected Myokines in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and myostatin (MSTN) are closely related TGFβ family members that are often believed to serve similar functions due to their high homology. However, genetic studies in animals provide clear evidence that they perform distinct roles. While the loss of Mstn leads to hypermuscularity, the deletion of Gdf11 results in abnormal skeletal patterning and organ development. The perinatal lethality of Gdf11-null mice, which contrasts with the long-term viability of Mstn-null mice, has led most research to focus on utilizing recombinant GDF11 proteins to investigate the postnatal functions of GDF11. However, the reported outcomes of the exogenous application of recombinant GDF11 proteins are controversial partly because of the different sources and qualities of recombinant GDF11 used and because recombinant GDF11 and MSTN proteins are nearly indistinguishable due to their similar structural and biochemical properties. Here, we analyze the similarities and differences between GDF11 and MSTN from an evolutionary point of view and summarize the current understanding of the biological processing, signaling, and physiological functions of GDF11 and MSTN. Finally, we discuss the potential use of recombinant GDF11 as a therapeutic option for a wide range of medical conditions and the possible adverse effects of GDF11 inhibition mediated by MSTN inhibitors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.