ArticleJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2020
Artificial intelligence and machine learning in orthopedic surgery: a systematic review protocol.
Article in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Revolutionizing spinal interventions: a systematic review of artificial intelligence technology applications in contemporary surgery.BMC surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Artificial intelligence and machine learning on diagnosis and classification of hip fracture: systematic review.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2022Pooled it
- Machine Learning and Intelligent Diagnostics in Dental and Orofacial Pain Management: A Systematic Review.Pain research & management · 2021Pooled it
- Prediction of Surgical Intervention in Acute Knee Trauma: A Focus on Threshold-Specific Performance and Clinical Decision Utility.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence and robotic technologies redefining precision and personalization in orthopedic surgery: a narrative review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Computer Vision in Lower Limb Orthopaedics: A Scoping Review of Imaging-Based Artificial Intelligence Applications.Cureus · 2025Review
- Artificial Intelligence in Bone Fracture Detection: A Review of Evidence, Limitations, and Clinical Integration.Cureus · 2025Review
- Referential hallucination and clinical reliability in large language models: a comparative analysis using regenerative medicine guidelines for chronic pain.Rheumatology international · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery: A Comprehensive Review From Diagnosis to Rehabilitation.Cureus · 2025Review
- A novel stroke classification model based on EEG feature fusion.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Current and future applications of artificial intelligence in surgery: implications for clinical practice and research.Frontiers in surgery · 2024Review
- Understanding the use of artificial intelligence for implant analysis in total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review.Arthroplasty (London, England) · 2023Review
- Review
- Approaching Artificial Intelligence in Orthopaedics: Predictive Analytics and Machine Learning to Prognosticate Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Surgical Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Orthopedic Radiography Analysis: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Allogenic perinatal tissue for musculoskeletal regenerative medicine applications: a systematic review protocol.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2022Article
- Design and evaluation of an intelligent reduction robot system for the minimally invasive reduction in pelvic fractures.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2022Article
- A Surgeon's Guide to Understanding Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Studies in Orthopaedic Surgery.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2022Review
- Machine learning in vascular surgery: a systematic review and critical appraisal.NPJ digital medicine · 2022Review
- Predicting Length of Stay using machine learning for total joint replacements performed at a rural community hospital.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are interwoven into our everyday lives and have grown enormously in some major fields in medicine including cardiology and radiology. While these specialties have quickly embraced AI and ML, orthopedic surgery has been slower to do so. Fortunately, there has been a recent surge in new research emphasizing the need for a systematic review. The primary objective of this systematic review will be to provide an update on the advances of AI and ML in the field of orthopedic surgery. The secondary objectives will be to evaluate the applications of AI and ML in providing a clinical diagnosis and predicting post-operative outcomes and complications in orthopedic surgery.
methodsA systematic search will be conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases for articles written in English, Italian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese language articles published up to September 2020. References will be screened and assessed for eligibility by at least two independent reviewers as per PRISMA guidelines. Studies must apply to orthopedic interventions and acute and chronic orthopedic musculoskeletal injuries to be considered eligible. Studies will be excluded if they are animal studies and do not relate to orthopedic interventions or if no clinical data were produced. Gold standard processes and practices to obtain a clinical diagnosis and predict post-operative outcomes shall be compared with and without the use of ML algorithms. Any case reports and other primary studies assessing the prediction rate of post-operative outcomes or the ability to identify a diagnosis in orthopedic surgery will be included. Systematic reviews or literature reviews will be examined to identify further studies for inclusion, and the results of meta-analyses will not be included in the analysis. DISCUSSION: Our findings will evaluate the advances of AI and ML in the field of orthopedic surgery. We expect to find a large quantity of uncontrolled studies and a smaller subset of articles describing actual applications and outcomes for clinical care. Cohort studies and large randomized control trial will likely be needed.
trial registrationThe protocol will be registered on PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews prior to commencement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.