ArticlePsychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)2021
Spending on Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Employer-Sponsored Plans, 2011-2017.
Article in Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Food Insecurity in Families With Children or Young People With Autism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrition bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Omega-3 and -6 Fatty Acid Supplementation to Reduce Inflammatory Markers in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Trial
- Rapid glycomic analysis of serum EVs reveals altered N-glycosylation patterns in ASD.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Cytokines as Biologic Signatures of the Effect of Dietary Supplementation With Omega Fatty Acids on Autism-Related Behaviors and Features Among Young Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Cognitive Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Moderating Role of Intervention and ASD Persistence.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Types and Predictors of Service use Among Young Children Recommended to Receive Intensive Services After Initial Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Health Care Encounters and Expenditures Among Children With Diagnosed Tic Disorders and Co-Occurring Disorders, 2022.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- A Discussion of Positive Behavior Support and Applied Behavior Analysis in the Context of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the UK and Ireland.Behavior analysis in practice · 2024Review
- Brain glutathione and GABA+ levels in autistic children.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2024Article
- A bibliometric analysis of autism spectrum disorder signaling pathways research in the past decade.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Medical Costs of Intellectual Disabilities and Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Korea: Based on National Health Insurance Service Claims Data from 2007 to 2019.Psychiatry investigation · 2023Article
- Heterogeneity in Autism Spectrum Disorder Case-Finding Algorithms in United States Health Administrative Database Analyses.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Review
- Costs of typhoid vaccination for international travelers from the United States.Travel medicine and infectious diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveRapid increases in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and increased access to intensive behavioral interventions have likely increased health care spending. This study estimated recent changes in spending among privately insured children with and without current ASD.
methodsA repeated cross-sections analysis of 2011-2017 claims data from large-employer-sponsored health plans assessed changes in annual expenditures by service type for children ages 3-7 enrolled for ≥1 year and with two or more claims with ASD billing codes within a calendar year and for all other children.
resultsMean spending per child with a current-year ASD diagnosis increased by 51% in 2017 U.S. dollars, from roughly $13,000 in 2011 to $20,000 in 2017. Among children who did not meet the current-year ASD case definition, per-child spending increased by 8%. Spending on children with ASD accounted for 41% of spending growth for children ages 3-7 during 2011-2017. Outpatient behavioral intervention-related spending per child with ASD increased by 376%, from $1,746 in 2011 to $8,317 in 2017; spending on all other services increased by 2%. Their share of behavioral intervention-related spending increased from 13.2% in 2011 to 41.7% in 2017. In 2011, 2.5% of children with current-year ASD diagnoses incurred ≥$20,000 in outpatient behavioral intervention-related spending, which increased to 14.4% in 2017.
conclusionsDuring 2011-2017, spending increased six times as much for privately insured children ages 3-7 with current-year ASD as for children without ASD, largely from increased behavioral intervention-related spending. One in seven children received at least $20,000 in services in 2017.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.