ArticleInhalation toxicology
Pulmonary and systemic toxicity in rats following inhalation exposure of 3-D printer emissions from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament.
Article in Inhalation toxicology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- An Experimental Study of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Emissions from a Resin 3D Printer to Assess Exposure and Exposure Mitigation.Journal of chemical health & safety · 2026Article
- Pulmonary inflammatory and fibrogenic responses in rats following intratracheal instillation of dusts from natural and engineered stones.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2026Article
- Neuroendocrine effects of inhaling emissions generated by 3-dimensional (3D)-printing with polycarbonate stock.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2026Article
- Review of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from desktop 3D printers and associated health implications.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Review
- Assessment of the carcinogenic potential of particulate matter generated from 3D printing devices in Balb/c 3T3-1-1 cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Exposure to emissions generated by 3-dimensional printing with polycarbonate: effects on peripheral vascular function, cardiac vascular morphology and expression of markers of oxidative stress in male rat cardiac tissue.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2024Article
- Pulmonary evaluation of whole-body inhalation exposure of polycarbonate (PC) filament 3D printer emissions in rats.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2024Article
- Article
- Dermal and oral exposure risks to heavy metals from 3D printing metal-fill thermoplastics.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Inhalation of polycarbonate emissions generated during 3D printing processes affects neuroendocrine function in male rats.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2023Article
- Pulmonary and neurological health effects associated with exposure to representative composite manufacturing emissions and corresponding alterations in circulating metabolite profiles.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2023Article
- Metal compositions of particle emissions from material extrusion 3D printing: Emission sources and indoor exposure modeling.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- An explorative study on respiratory health among operators working in polymer additive manufacturing.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Identification of effective control technologies for additive manufacturing.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews · 2022Review
- Emission Profiles of Volatiles during 3D Printing with ABS, ASA, Nylon, and PETG Polymer Filaments.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Human exposure to metals in consumer-focused fused filament fabrication (FFF)/ 3D printing processes.The Science of the total environment · 2022Review
- Exploring Methods for Surveillance of Occupational Exposure from Additive Manufacturing in Four Different Industrial Facilities.Annals of work exposures and health · 2022Article
- Large-Format Additive Manufacturing and Machining Using High-Melt-Temperature Polymers. Part II: Characterization of Particles and Gases.Journal of chemical health & safety · 2021Article
- Acrylonitrile Derivatives againstPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFused filament fabrication 3-D printing with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament emits ultrafine particulates (UFPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the toxicological implications of the emissions generated during 3-D printing have not been fully elucidated. AIM AND
methodsThe goal of this study was to investigate the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: 3-D printing generated particulate with average particle mass concentration of 240 ± 90 µg/m³, with an average geometric mean particle mobility diameter of 85 nm (geometric standard deviation = 1.6). The number of macrophages increased significantly at day 15. In bronchoalveolar lavage, IFN-γ and IL-10 were significantly higher at days 1 and 4, with IL-10 levels reaching a peak at day 15 in ABS-exposed rats. Neither pulmonary oxidative stress responses nor histopathological changes of the lungs and nasal passages were found among the treatments. There was an increase in platelets and monocytes in the circulation at day 15. Several serum biomarkers of hepatic and kidney functions were significantly higher at day 1.
conclusionsAt the current experimental conditions applied, it was concluded that the emissions from ABS filament caused minimal transient pulmonary and systemic toxicity.
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