ArticleClinical and experimental pediatrics2021
Febrile urinary tract infection in children: changes in epidemiology, etiology, and antibiotic resistance patterns over a decade.
Article in Clinical and experimental pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic tests for urinary tract infections and antimicrobial resistance-a reality check between diagnostic innovation and implementation: a critical narrative review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonates and pediatric patients: antibiotic resistance, β-Lactamase genes, and sociodemographic risk factors.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Trends in Positive Urine Culture Rates and Antimicrobial Resistance in Non-Hospitalized Children from Western Romania: A Retrospective Observational Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Global trends in childhood urinary tract infections, 1990-2021: results from the GBD study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Abnormal Development of Microbiota May Be a Risk Factor for Febrile Urinary Tract Infection in Infancy.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Article
- Antibiotic Resistance ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The change of antibiotic susceptibility in febrile urinary tract infection in childhood and adolescence during the last decade.Investigative and clinical urology · 2022Article
- Challenges to Early Discharge of Patients with Upper Urinary Tract Infections by ESBL Producers: TMP/SMX as a Step-Down Therapy for Shorter Hospitalization and Lower Costs.Infection and drug resistance · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding the epidemiology and prevalence of febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) in children is important for risk stratification and selecting appropriate urine sample collection candidates to aid in its diagnosis and treatment. PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology, etiology, and changes in antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the first fUTI in children.
methodsThis retrospective observational cohort study included children younger than 19 years of age who were diagnosed and treated for their first fUTI in 2006-2016. Electronic medical records were analyzed and radiologic images were evaluated.
resultsA total of 359 patients (median age, 5.1 months; interquartile range, 3.0-10.5 months) fit the inclusion criteria; of them, 78.0% (n=280) were younger than 12 months old. The male to female ratio was 5.3:1 for patients aged 0-2 months, 2.1:1 for those 3-5 months, and 1.6:1 for those 6-11 months. Beyond 12 months of age, there was a female predominance. Escherichia coli was the leading cause (83.8%), followed by Enterococcus species (6.7%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.6%). Significant yearly increases in the proportions of multidrug-resistant strains (P<0.001) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers (P<0.001) were observed. In patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), the overall recurrence rate was 53.6% (n=15). A significantly higher recurrence rate was observed when the fUTI was caused by an ESBL versus non-ESBL producer (75.0% vs. 30.0%, P=0.03).
conclusionfUTI was most prevalent in children younger than 12 months of age and showed a female predominance in patients older than 12 months of age. The proportion of ESBL producers causing fUTI is increasing. Carbapenems, rather than noncarbapenems, should be considered for treating fUTI caused by ESBL-producing enteric gram-negative rods to reduce short-term recurrence rates in children with VUR.
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