Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33075546›Full record

Trial reportOphthalmology. Retina2021

Progression of Geographic Atrophy with Subsequent Exudative Neovascular Disease in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: AREDS2 Report 24.

Christopher K Hwang, Elvira Agrón, Amitha Domalpally, Catherine A Cukras, Wai T Wong, Emily Y Chew, Tiarnan D L Keenan, AREDS2 Research Group

Open access · greenAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Ophthalmology. Retina, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Non-exudative macular neovascularization: a 3-year follow-up study assessing the progression for exudative or atrophic stages.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
    Observational
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Simultaneous GA and CNV/MNV: incidence, characteristics, and treatments.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Observational
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Risk factors of persistent subretinal fluid after half-dose photodynamic therapy for treatment-naïve central serous chorioretinopathy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2022
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Observational
  15. Age-Related Macular Degeneration.The New England journal of medicine · 2021
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Christopher K HwangDivision of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Elvira AgrónDivision of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Amitha DomalpallyDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
Catherine A CukrasDivision of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Wai T WongSection on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Emily Y ChewDivision of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Tiarnan D L KeenanDivision of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Electronic address: tiarnan.keenan@nih.gov.
AREDS2 Research Group
National Institutes of Health · US

Funding

Age-Related Eye Disease Follow-up Study (AREDS) Follow-up StudyZIAEY000489 · NEI · NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE · PI CHEW, EMILY Y · 2009 to 2025
$639k
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 EY999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo examine whether the rate of geographic atrophy (GA) enlargement is influenced by subsequent exudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and hence, to explore indirectly whether nonexudative nAMD may slow GA enlargement.

designPost hoc analysis of a controlled clinical trial cohort.

participantsAge-Related Eye Disease Study 2 participants 50 to 85 years of age.

methodsBaseline and annual stereoscopic color fundus photographs were evaluated for (1) GA presence and area and (2) exudative nAMD presence. Two cohorts were constructed: eyes with GA at study baseline (prevalent cohort) and eyes in which GA developed during follow-up (incident cohort). Mixed-model regression of the square root of GA area was performed according to the presence or absence of subsequent exudative nAMD.

main outcome measuresChange over time in square root of GA area.

resultsOf the 757 eyes in the incident GA cohort, over a mean follow-up of 2.3 years (standard deviation [SD], 1.2 years), 73 eyes (9.6%) demonstrated subsequent exudative nAMD. Geographic atrophy enlargement in these eyes was significantly slower (0.20 mm/year; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.28 mm/year) compared with the other 684 eyes in which subsequent exudative nAMD did not develop (0.29 mm/year; 95% CI, 0.27-0.30 mm/year; P = 0.037). Of the 456 eyes in the prevalent GA cohort, over a mean follow-up of 4.1 years (SD, 1.4 years), 63 eyes (13.8%) demonstrated subsequent exudative nAMD. Geographic atrophy enlargement in these eyes was similar (0.31 mm/year; 95% CI, 0.24-0.37 mm/year) compared with the other 393 eyes in which subsequent exudative nAMD did not develop (0.28 mm/year; 95% CI, 0.26-0.29 mm/year; P = 0.37).

conclusionsIn eyes with recent GA, GA enlargement before the development of exudative nAMD seems slowed. This association was not observed in eyes with more long-standing GA, which have larger lesion sizes. Hence, perilesional nonexudative choroidal neovascular tissue (presumably present before the development of clinically apparent exudation) may slow enlargement of smaller GA lesions through improved perfusion. This hypothesis warrants further evaluation in prospective studies.

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overDiagnostic ImagingDisease ProgressionDocosahexaenoic AcidsDrug Therapy, CombinationEicosapentaenoic AcidFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGeographic AtrophyHumansLuteinMacula LuteaMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesDocosahexaenoic AcidsEicosapentaenoic AcidLuteinZeaxanthinsAge-related macular degenerationChoroidal neovascularizationGeographic atrophyNeovascular diseaseNonexudative macular neovascularization

Identifiers

PMID33075546
PMCPMC7870515
OpenAlexW3093437116

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.