ArticlePloS one2020
The epidemiology and estimated etiology of pathogens detected from the upper respiratory tract of adults with severe acute respiratory infections in multiple countries, 2014-2015.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- What 'case definition' for respiratory syncytial virus infection? Results of a systematic literature review to improve surveillance among the adults.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Metagenomic and Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing in Infectious Disease Diagnostics: Current Applications, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Epidemiology of severe acute respiratory infections in South Korea: a nationwide surveillance study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Epidemiology and Clinical Burden in High-Risk and ≥ 50-Year-Old Adults in Low- to Middle-Income Countries: An Artificial-Intelligence-Enabled Systematic Literature Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Asthma and severe acute respiratory infections: a stratified analysis of mortality patterns in Brazil.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Performance of novel digital real-time PCR for detection of SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial viruses, and influenza viruses in Ghana.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- A Model-Based Estimation of RSV-Attributable Incidence of Hospitalizations and Deaths in Italy Between 2015 and 2019.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- Estimated Incidence of Hospitalizations Attributable to RSV Infection Among Adults in Ontario, Canada, Between 2013 and 2019.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- Estimation of Symptomatic Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Incidence in Adults in Multiple Countries: A Time-Series Model-Based Analysis Protocol.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- Estimated Incidence of Hospitalizations and Deaths Attributable to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Among Adults in Germany Between 2015 and 2019.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Risk Factors and the Impact of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria on Community-Acquired Urinary Sepsis.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Technology, Training, and Task Shifting at the World's Largest Mass Gathering in 2025: An Opportunity for Antibiotic Stewardship in India.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Analysis of the impact of ERAS-based respiratory function training on older patients' ability to prevent pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2023Article
- Population-based hospitalization burden estimates for respiratory viruses, 2015-2019.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Article
- Occurrence of influenza and bacterial infections in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy in Ghana.PloS one · 2022Article
- Detection of respiratory viruses in adults with suspected COVID-19 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2021Article
- High-Throughput Metagenomics for Identification of Pathogens in the Clinical Settings.Small methods · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors at 8 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionEtiology studies of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in adults are limited. We studied potential etiologies of SARI among adults in six countries using multi-pathogen diagnostics.
methodsWe enrolled both adults with SARI (acute respiratory illness onset with fever and cough requiring hospitalization) and asymptomatic adults (adults hospitalized with non-infectious illnesses, non-household members accompanying SARI patients, adults enrolled from outpatient departments, and community members) in each country. Demographics, clinical data, and nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens were collected from both SARI patients and asymptomatic adults. Specimens were tested for presence of 29 pathogens utilizing the Taqman® Array Card platform. We applied a non-parametric Bayesian regression extension of a partially latent class model approach to estimate proportions of SARI caused by specific pathogens.
resultsWe enrolled 2,388 SARI patients and 1,135 asymptomatic adults from October 2013 through October 2015. We detected ≥1 pathogen in 76% of SARI patients and 67% of asymptomatic adults. Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were most commonly detected (≥23% of SARI patients and asymptomatic adults). Through modeling, etiology was attributed to a pathogen in most SARI patients (range among countries: 57.3-93.2%); pathogens commonly attributed to SARI etiology included influenza A (14.4-54.4%), influenza B (1.9-19.1%), rhino/enterovirus (1.8-42.6%), and RSV (3.6-14.6%).
conclusionsUse of multi-pathogen diagnostics and modeling enabled attribution of etiology in most adult SARI patients, despite frequent detection of multiple pathogens in the upper respiratory tract. Seasonal flu vaccination and development of RSV vaccine would likely reduce the burden of SARI in these populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.