Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33074354›Full record

ArticleInternational archives of occupational and environmental health2021

Surface-acting emotional labor predicts depressive symptoms among health care workers over a 2-year prospective study.

Chunhui Suh, Laura Punnett

Abstract read
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Article in International archives of occupational and environmental health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  16. High Emotional Demands at Work and Poor Mental Health in Client-Facing Workers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Chunhui SuhDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea. chsuh@paik.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-5380
Laura PunnettDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, USA.

Funding

Center for the Promotion of Health in the New England WorkplaceU19OH008857 · OH · UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LOWELL · PI PUNNETT, LAURA · 2006 to 2020
$20.4M
Inje University 20140385NIOSH CDC HHS U19 OH008857NIOSH CDC HHS U19-OH008857
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveSurface-acting emotional labor (SaEL) is the requirement to hide or suppress felt emotions to achieve acceptable job performance. It is a common feature of jobs featuring interactions with the public, such as customers or patients. Resulting emotional inauthenticity is associated with psychological strain, but there have been few prospective studies of mental health outcomes.

methodsA self-administered questionnaire was distributed in 24 skilled nursing facilities at baseline and 23 facilities 2 years later. Permanent full-time and part-time employees in all jobs were eligible to participate. Respondents in these analyses provided survey information on the frequency of SaEL at baseline and depressive symptoms on both occasions. Those without depression at baseline were deemed at risk. Multivariable logistic regression modeling estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for SaEL, other job features, and demographic characteristics.

resultsA total of 939 eligible participants had no depression at baseline; 15% developed depressive symptoms. About two-thirds were direct care providers, including 38% nursing and medical assistants. Adjusted for potential confounders, workers with intermediate and high SaEL had a higher risk (aORs around 2). Symptom onset was also predicted by high work-family conflict, younger age and low decision latitude at work.

conclusionsIn this prospective study of long-term care workers, those who reported experiencing high SaEL at the time of the baseline survey were at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms 2 years later. Both exposure and outcome could have suffered some misclassification. Future studies should examine a broader range of strategies for coping with emotional labor demands.

Indexed as

EmotionsAdultDepressionFemaleHealth PersonnelHumansIncidenceLong-Term CareMaleMiddle AgedOccupational StressProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSkilled Nursing FacilitiesSurveys and QuestionnairesWorkplaceDepressionHealth care workersMental healthPsychosocial working conditionsSurface-acting emotional labor

Identifiers

PMID33074354

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.