Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33073328›Full record

ArticleApplied health economics and health policy2021

Identifying Community Pharmacist Preferences For Prescribing Services in Primary Care in New Zealand: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Rakhee Raghunandan, Kirsten Howard, Carlo A Marra, June Tordoff, Alesha Smith

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Article in Applied health economics and health policy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Rakhee RaghunandanSchool of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, Otago, New Zealand. rakhee.raghunandan@postgrad.otago.ac.nz.ORCID 0000-0001-7848-6109
Kirsten HowardSchool of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-0918-7540
Carlo A MarraSchool of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, Otago, New Zealand.
June TordoffSchool of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, Otago, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0001-5571-7592
Alesha SmithSchool of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, Otago, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0003-1056-9527
University of Otago · NZThe University of Sydney · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveGiven increasing patient populations, general practitioner (GP) workforce constraints and increasing demand for health services in New Zealand (NZ), the development and provision of pharmacist prescribing services may need to increase to improve people's access to medicines. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was utilised to determine community pharmacist preferences for prescribing services in primary care in NZ, and to understand how these factors could improve the provision of pharmacist prescribing services.

methodsA D-efficient design generated 30 labelled choice questions in three blocks of ten, and three alternatives per choice question. The online DCE was emailed to practising community pharmacists in NZ. The DCE included two attributes with five levels (prescribing model, educational requirements) and three attributes with three levels (location, professional fee, change in income). A mixed multinomial logit model was used to estimate preferences.

resultsA total of 264 respondents completed the survey with 2640 observations for analyses. This DCE found pharmacists preferred pharmacy services with the following characteristics: ability to prescribe using minor ailments and independent prescribing models relative to the pharmacist-only medicines prescribing model; prescribing education by accredited learning modules relative to PGDipClinPharm + PGCertPharmPres; remuneration via a professional fee; and pharmacist prescribing services located in community pharmacies rather than in GP practices.

conclusionsPrescribing policy could incorporate these pharmacist preferences to help develop accessible and effective pharmacist prescribing services that not only improve access to medicines, but also address inequity of access to medicines in NZ. These DCE results are encouraging as they signal that the community pharmacists also see themselves and their pharmacies as part of the prescribing team in primary care in NZ.

Indexed as

PharmaciesPharmacistsDelivery of Health CareHumansNew ZealandPrimary Health Care

Identifiers

PMID33073328
OpenAlexW3093144918

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.