ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2021
The prognostic significance of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) in invasive breast cancer.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- IER5L Facilitates the Progression of Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer by Inhibiting HSF1 Phosphorylation in Response to Bevacizumab.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- Comparative Digital Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα) Expression Analysis in Benign and Malignant Prostate Tissue of Men and Dogs.The Prostate · 2026Article
- JAK/STAT1-interferon-ISGylation networks in breast cancer resistance to inhibitors of FOXM1 and CDK4/6.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- ISG15-driven immune modulation and tumor progression in breast cancer metastasis: insights from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- The LVI Component Hypothesis: the lymphatic-to-vascular invasion ratio as an enrichment biomarker for therapy with PD-L1×VEGF-A bispecific antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Functional and clinical significance of the RNA mNPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- The ISGylation tapestry in cancer: weaving phenotypic plasticity through multidimensional regulatory looms.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- Cohort-based pan-cancer analysis and experimental studies reveal ISG15 gene as a novel biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy prediction.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- ISGylation: is our genome yearning for such a modification?Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Review
- Deciphering the molecular mechanism of long non-coding RNA HIF1A-AS1 regulating pancreatic cancer cells.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Multifaceted Roles of ISG15: From Immunomodulation to Therapeutic Frontiers.Vaccines · 2024Review
- ISG15 mediates the function of extracellular vesicles in promoting ovarian cancer progression and metastasis.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Article
- Antagonism of regulatory ISGs enhances the anti-melanoma efficacy of STING agonists.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- UGDH promotes tumor-initiating cells and a fibroinflammatory tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2023Article
- A Listeria-based vaccine targeting ISG15 exerts anti-tumor efficacy in renal cell carcinoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- Advances in transcriptomics and proteomics in differentiated thyroid cancer: An updated perspective (Review).Oncology letters · 2023Review
- Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of HPV-negative leukoplakia and gingivobuccal complex cancers.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Article
- The Functional Roles of ISG15/ISGylation in Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- ISG15 is a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma: a comprehensive analysis based on bioinformatics and in vitro experiments.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a prognostic factor in early-stage invasive breast cancer (BC). Through bioinformatics, data analyses of multiple BC cohorts revealed the positive association between interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) LVI status. Thus, we explored the prognostic significance of ISG15 in BC.
methodsThe prognostic significance of ISG15 mRNA was assessed in METABRIC (n = 1980), TCGA (n = 854) and Kaplan-Meier Plotter (n = 3951). ISG15 protein was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (n = 859) in early-stage invasive BC patients with long-term follow-up. The associations between ISG15 expression and clinicopathological features, expression of immune cell markers and patient outcome data were evaluated.
resultsHigh mRNA and protein ISG15 expression were associated with LVI, higher histological grade, larger tumour size, hormonal receptor negativity, HER2 positivity, p53 and Ki67. High ISG15 protein expression was associated with HER2-enriched BC subtypes and immune markers (CD8, FOXP3 and CD68). High ISG15 mRNA and ISG15 expressions were associated with poor patient outcome. Cox proportional multivariate analysis revealed that the elevated ISG15 expression was an independent prognostic factor of shorter BC-specific survival.
conclusionThis study provides evidence for the role of ISG15 in LVI development and BC prognosis. Further functional studies in BC are warranted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ISG15.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.