ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Paradoxical Roles of the MAL/Tirap Adaptor in Pathologies.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Roles of TIR domain-containing adaptor protein in tumor: Inflammation and immune regulation via toll-like receptor signaling.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Review
- Polymorphism in the TLR Adaptors of the Toll Signalling Pathway for Use in Livestock Breeding for Health Traits.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Nuclear localization of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein reveals a previously unrecognized role in hepatic stellate cell activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- SARM1: a key multifaceted component in immunoregulation, inflammation and neurodegeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Toll-like receptor adaptor protein TIRAP has specialized roles in signaling, metabolic control and leukocyte migration upon wounding in zebrafish larvae.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Article
- Imperative role of adaptor proteins in macrophage toll-like receptor signaling pathways.Future science OA · 2024Review
- Upper Airway Epithelial Tissue Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Immune Signatures Associated with COVID-19 Severity in Ghanaians.Journal of immunology research · 2024Article
- Tirap controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosomal acidification.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Article
- TIRAP, TRAM, and Toll-Like Receptors: The Untold Story.Mediators of inflammation · 2023Review
- Article
- Article
- The Role of TLR2 in Infectious Diseases Caused by Mycobacteria: From Cell Biology to Therapeutic Target.Biology · 2022Review
- Article
- Article
- Prognostic Impact of Genetic Variants of MECP2 and TIRAP on Clinical Outcomes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with and without Nephritis.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- TIRAP in the Mechanism of Inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Absence of Mal/TIRAP Results in Abrogated Imidazoquinolinones-Dependent Activation of IRF7 and Suppressed IFNβ and IFN-I Activated Gene Production.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are at the forefront of pathogen recognition ensuring host fitness and eliciting protective cellular and humoral responses. Signaling pathways downstream of TLRs are tightly regulated for preventing collateral damage and loss of tolerance toward commensals. To trigger effective intracellular signaling, these receptors require the involvement of adaptor proteins. Among these, Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein (Tirap or MAL) plays an important role in establishing immune responses. Loss of function of MAL was associated with either disease susceptibility or resistance. These opposite effects reveal paradoxical functions of MAL and their importance in containing infectious or non-infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the signaling pathways involving MAL in different pathologies and their impact on inducing protective or non-protective responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.