ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Natalizumab in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment: From Biological Effects to Immune Monitoring.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natalizumab for multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Current Advancement and Patient Outcomes in Reperfusion Brain Injuries After Stroke: A Comparative Analysis of Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of High Efficacy Multiple Sclerosis Disease Modifying Drugs on the Immune Synapse: A Systematic Review.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Pooled it
- Glatiramer Acetate Immunomodulation: Evidence of Neuroprotection and Cognitive Preservation.Cells · 2022Pooled it
- Single-cell analysis of skin and blood reveals systemic immune responses to ultraviolet B and their impairment in MS.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Trial
- Immunometabolic reprogramming in multiple sclerosis: from pathogenic amplifier to therapeutic target in neuroinflammation and remyelination.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Serum biomarkers remain stable after transitioning from intravenous to subcutaneous natalizumab in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Viral associations in multiple sclerosis: pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Genetic Influences on Disease-Modifying Therapy Response in Multiple Sclerosis: Current Insights and Future Directions.Balkan medical journal · 2026Review
- Review
- Natalizumab exacerbates astrocytopathy in NMOSD via blockade of endothelial VCAM1-astrocytic integrin α4 interaction.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Heated tobacco and cigarette smoke modulate CD4 + T cell activation and neuroinflammation in a context-dependent manner.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- The pathogenic role of double-negative B cells in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Physicians' Knowledge and Practice Regarding Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Article
- Novel anti-ITGA4 monoclonal antibody induces cell death via large pore formation in NK/T-cell lymphoma cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Role of monocytes in the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome and potential therapeutic targets (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Double-positive T cells form heterotypic clusters with circulating tumor cells to foster cancer metastasis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Choosing initial MS therapy; personal, disease, and medication factors.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- A disproportionality analysis of nervous system adverse events associated with disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: insights from the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- NDP52 and its emerging role in pathogenesis.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with an autoimmune component. Among the recent disease-modifying treatments available, Natalizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha chain of the VLA-4 integrin (CD49d), is a potent inhibitor of cell migration toward the tissues including CNS. It potently reduces relapses and active brain lesions in the relapsing remitting form of the disease. However, it has also been associated with a severe infectious complication, the progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (PML). Using the standard protocol with an injection every 4 weeks it has been shown by a close monitoring of the drug that trough levels soon reach a plateau with an almost saturation of the target cell receptor as well as a down modulation of this receptor. In this review, mechanisms of action involved in therapeutic efficacy as well as in PML risk will be discussed. Furthermore the interest of a biological monitoring that may be helpful to rapidly adapt treatment is presented. Indeed, development of anti-NAT antibodies, although sometimes unapparent, can be detected indirectly by normalization of CD49d expression on circulating mononuclear cells and might require to switch to another drug. On the other hand a stable modulation of CD49d expression might be useful to follow the circulating NAT levels and apply an extended interval dose scheme that could contribute to limiting the risk of PML.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.