ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Mumps Outbreaks in Vaccinated Populations-Is It Time to Re-assess the Clinical Efficacy of Vaccines?
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Chimeric Virus Approach Reveals the Matrix (M) Gene as a Critical Modulator of Mumps Virus Neurovirulence.Vaccines · 2026Article
- High-dimensional profiling following third MMR vaccination or mumps virus infection reveals individuals with suboptimal immunity.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Age- and Sex-Dependent Heterogeneity in Mumps Virus Immunity Among US Blood Donors Born Between 1928-1993.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Mumps-Induced Single-Sided Deafness: A Retrospective Analysis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Persistent antigen is essential for sustainingScience advances · 2026Article
- Mumps Virus: Replication, Immune Response, and the Changing Landscape of Vaccine Effectiveness.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Incremental effectiveness of the second dose of mumps-containing vaccine among children 9 months to 6 years in Hefei: A matched case-control study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- The effect of mumps vaccine on the incidence of mumps in Hefei: An interrupted time-series analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Article
- Decade-long protection of the mumps vaccine: Insights from a large-scale serological study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- A heterogeneous continuous age-structured model of mumps with vaccine.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Development and characterization of the genotype F attenuated mumps candidate strains.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Alveolar macrophages are early targets of mumps virus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Article
- Epidemiologic and clinical updates on viral infections in Saudi Arabia.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2024Article
- Questionable Immunity to Mumps among Healthcare Workers in Italy-A Cross-Sectional Serological Study.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Review
- Booster doses of an inactivated F genotype mumps vaccine enhance immunogenicity in mice.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of mumps, mumps complications, and mumps orchitis in Korea using the National Health Insurance Service database.Investigative and clinical urology · 2023Article
- The next frontier in vaccine design: blending immune correlates of protection into rational vaccine design.Current opinion in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
History illustrates the remarkable public health impact of mass vaccination, by dramatically improving life expectancy and reducing the burden of infectious diseases and co-morbidities worldwide. It has been perceived that if an individual adhered to the MMR vaccine schedule that immunity to mumps virus (MuV) would be lifelong. Recent mumps outbreaks in individuals who had received two doses of the Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) vaccine has challenged the efficacy of the MMR vaccine. However, clinical symptoms, complications, viral shedding and transmission associated with mumps infection has been shown to be reduced in vaccinated individuals, demonstrating a benefit of this vaccine. Therefore, the question of what constitutes a good mumps vaccine and how its impact is assessed in this modern era remains to be addressed. Epidemiology of the individuals most affected by the outbreaks (predominantly young adults) and variance in the circulating MuV genotype have been well-described alluding to a collection of influences such as vaccine hesitancy, heterogeneous vaccine uptake, primary, and/or secondary vaccine failures. This review aims to discuss in detail the interplay of factors thought to be contributing to the current mumps outbreaks seen in highly vaccinated populations. In addition, how mumps diagnoses has progressed and impacted the understanding of mumps infection since a mumps vaccine was first developed, the limitations of current laboratory tests in confirming protection in vaccinated individuals and how vaccine effectiveness is quantified are also considered. By highlighting knowledge gaps within this area, this state-of-the-art review proposes a change of perspective regarding the impact of a vaccine in a highly vaccinated population from a clinical, diagnostic and public perspective, highlighting a need for a paradigm shift on what is considered vaccine immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.