ArticleProceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences2020
High endemic levels of typhoid fever in rural areas of Ghana may stem from optimal voluntary vaccination behaviour.
Article in Proceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genomic characterization of Salmonella enterica isolates causing typhoid among Ghanaian patients.PloS one · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Typhoid Fever in Ghana: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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- Voluntary vaccination may not stop monkeypox outbreak: A game-theoretic model.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- A game-theoretic model of rabies in domestic dogs with multiple voluntary preventive measures.Journal of mathematical biology · 2022Article
- A game-theoretic model of lymphatic filariasis prevention.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Game-Theoretical Model of the Voluntary Use of Insect Repellents to Prevent Zika Fever.Dynamic games and applications · 2022Article
- Mathematical modelling of the use of insecticide-treated nets for elimination of visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar, India.Royal Society open science · 2021Article
- A voluntary use of insecticide treated nets can stop the vector transmission of Chagas disease.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Typhoid fever has long established itself endemically in rural Ghana despite the availability of cheap and effective vaccines. We used a game-theoretic model to investigate whether the low vaccination coverage in Ghana could be attributed to rational human behaviour. We adopted a version of an epidemiological model of typhoid fever dynamics, which accounted not only for chronic life-long carriers but also for a short-cycle transmission in the immediate environment and a long-cycle transmission via contamination of the water supply. We calibrated the model parameters based on the known incidence data. We found that unless the (perceived) cost of vaccination is negligible, the individually optimal population vaccination rate falls significantly short of the societally optimal population vaccination rate needed to reach herd immunity. We expressed both the herd immunity and the optimal equilibrium vaccination rates in terms of only a few observable parameters such as the incidence rate, demographics, vaccine waning rate and the perceived cost of vaccination relative to the cost of infection. This allowed us not to rely on other uncertain epidemiological model parameters and, in particular, to bypass uncertainties about the role of the carriers in the transmission.
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