ReviewGut and liver2021
Leaky Gut and Gut-Liver Axis in Liver Cirrhosis: Clinical Studies Update.
Review in Gut and liver, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tea and liver fibrosis: a bibliometric analysis of mechanisms, translational challenges, and emerging trends.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Probiotics are beneficial for liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Revisiting gut microbiota-driven ammonia metabolism: from disease burden to physiological adaptation.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- A Novel Immune-Modulating Nanodrug Enhances Liver-Targeted mRNA Delivery.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota-metabolism-immunity axis: a novel perspective of traditional Chinese medicine in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Microbial collagenase activity is linked to oral-gut translocation in advanced chronic liver disease.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- From diet to disease modulation: the multi-targeted effects of medicinal-food homologous plants in hepatic fibrosis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Fucoidan Therapy for Extraintestinal Diseases: Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Organ Axes.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Gut microbial tyramine facilitates intestinal damage and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease development.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Mucosal microbiota signatures reveal diagnostic insights in chronic liver disease.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Article
- Gut microbiota involvement in the effect of water-soluble dietary fiber on fatty liver and fibrosis.Bioscience of microbiota, food and health · 2025Article
- The role of gut leakage and immune cell miss-homing on gut dysbiosis-induced lung inflammation in a DSS mice model.PloS one · 2025Article
- Exploring the mechanism of action of Jinqiancao granules against liver cirrhosis based on the liver-gut axis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Microbiota composition and intestinal barrier function modulated by tamsulosin andFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Joint Group and Multi Institutional Position Opinion: Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy-From Fundamentals to Applied Tactics.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- NLRP3 activation maintains intestinal epithelial barrier and reduces liver injury in alcoholic liver disease mice.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Article
- Insights of gut-liver axis in hepatic diseases: Mechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic potentials.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Review
- Protective effect of Zhizi Huangqi Shanzha formula on aflatoxin poisoning in mice and its effect on intestinal flora.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Portal blood flows into the liver containing the gut microbiome and its products such as endotoxin and bacterial DNA. The cirrhotic liver acts and detoxifies as the initial site of microbial products. In so-called "leaky gut," the increased intestinal permeability for bacteria and their products constitutes an important pathogenetic factor for major complications in patients with liver cirrhosis. Prolonged gastric and small intestinal transit may induce intestinal bacterial overgrowth, a condition in which colonic bacteria translocate into the small gut. Cirrhotic patients further show gut dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in autochthonous nonpathogenic bacteria. Pathological bacterial translocation (BT) is a contributing factor in the development of various severe complications. Bile acids (BAs) undergo extensive enterohepatic circulation and play important roles in the gut-liver axis. BT-induced inflammation prevents synthesis of BAs in the liver through inhibition of BA-synthesizing enzyme CYP7A1. A lower abundance of 7α-dehydroxylating gut bacteria leads to decreased conversion of primary to secondary BAs. Decreases in total and secondary BAs may play an important role in the gut dysbiosis characterized by a proinflammatory and toxic gut microbiome inducing BT and endotoxemia, as addressed in my previous reviews. Selective intestinal decontamination by the use of various antimicrobial drugs for management of complications has a long history.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.