ReviewCytokine & growth factor reviews2021
Type I IFN-dependent antibody response at the basis of sex dimorphism in the outcome of COVID-19.
Review in Cytokine & growth factor reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveled role of TLR7-mediated interferon signaling activation in COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Sex disparities in outcomes among hospitalizations for heart failure.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Sex-associated early-life viral innate immune response is transcriptionally associated with chromatin remodeling of type-I IFN-inducible genes.Mucosal immunology · 2023Article
- The role of TLR7 agonists in modulating COVID-19 severity in subjects with loss-of-function TLR7 variants.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Correlation between Type I Interferon Associated Factors and COVID-19 Severity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Precision Postbiotics and Mental Health: the Management of Post-COVID-19 Complications.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2022Review
- Differentiating central nervous system demyelinating disorders: The role of clinical, laboratory, imaging characteristics and peripheral blood type I interferon activity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- A bird's eye view on the role of dendritic cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Perspectives for immune-based vaccines.Allergy · 2022Review
- Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with increased severity of Covid-19.Cell biology international · 2021Review
- Type I Interferon Production of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells under Control.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- A Missing Link: Engagements of Dendritic Cells in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, the Immunological Key Words of Severe COVID-19. Is There a Role for Stem Cell Transplantation?Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Review
- COVID-19: Integrating the Complexity of Systemic and Pulmonary Immunopathology to Identify Biomarkers for Different Outcomes.Frontiers in immunologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, induces severe pneumonia mainly in elderly males. Epidemiological data clearly indicate sex-based differences in disease outcomes, with men accounting for about 70 % of deaths, despite similar susceptibility to infection. It is well known that females are endowed with higher capacity to produce antibodies, which correlates with viral clearance and disease resolution in the context of SARS-Cov-2 infection. Many X-linked immune genes escape X inactivation showing biallelic expression in female immune cells, particularly in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). PDCs are more active in females and endowed with high capability to induce IFN-α-mediated B cell activation and differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells throughout epigenetic mechanisms linked to trained immunity. Thus, we hypothesize that following SARS-CoV-2 infection, epigenetic modifications of X-linked genes involved in pDC-mediated type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling occurs more effectively in females, for inducing neutralizing antibody response as an immune correlate driving sex-biased disease outcome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.