ReviewCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2021
Tuberculosis following programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitor in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer. Case report and literature review.
Review in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increased Tuberculosis Incidence Due to Immunotherapy Based on PD-1 and PD-L1 Blockade: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Lung squamous cell carcinoma complicated with immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated active tuberculosis: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Meta-analysis of tuberculosis incidence and risk in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- AFrontiers in tuberculosis · 2026Article
- Coexistent Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Lung Cancer: An Analysis of Incidence Trends, Financial Burdens and Influencing Factors.Cancer innovation · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis infection following administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a real world observational study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment: real-world retrospective data analysis from Qatar (SAFE-ICI-Q study).Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Sarcoid-like reaction and hypothyroidism induced by PD-1 inhibitor treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Review
- A narrative review of the controversy on the risk of mycobacterial infections with immune checkpoint inhibitor use: does Goldilocks have the answer?Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Review
- Article
- Fever of unknown origin associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Opportunistic Infections and Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated with Administering Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Tuberculosis infection following immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment for advanced cancer: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Infections due to dysregulated immunity: an emerging complication of cancer immunotherapy.Thorax · 2022Review
- Assessment of anti-PD-(L)1 for patients with coexisting malignant tumor and tuberculosis classified by active, latent, and obsolete stage.BMC medicine · 2021Article
- The safety and efficacy of immunotherapy with anti-programmed cell death 1 monoclonal antibody for lung cancer complicated withTranslational lung cancer research · 2021Article
- Advances in molecular mechanisms of interaction betweenTranslational lung cancer research · 2021Review
- Dual Nature of Relationship between Mycobacteria and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- TGFβ restricts expansion, survival, and function of T cells within the tuberculous granuloma.Cell host & microbe · 2021Article
- Pembrolizumab-Induced Rhabdomyolysis in a Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Patient: A Case Report.Case reports in oncologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) and their ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) have become widely used in the treatment of several malignancies. Many immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been linked to these agents. Nonetheless, tuberculosis (TB) reactivation during their use is increasingly recognized and reported. Herein, we present a 58-year-old lady with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ALK-negative, EGFR wild, and PD-L1 immune histochemistry (IHC) strongly positive in 95% of tumor cells, on ongoing treatment with Pembrolizumab as a first-line monotherapy. Our patient presented with 1-week history of productive cough and high-grade fever. Further workup yielded the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis after her Pembrolizumab sixth cycle with positive AFB smear and TB PCR from BAL (rifampin resistance not detected), with negative HIV status. Hence, immunotherapy was held, and patient was commenced on anti-TB regimen. History revealed contact with active TB patient over the past decade, without previous documentation of latent TB or previous TB infection. Her sputum AFB smear remained persistently positive 4 weeks through anti-TB regimen course. Later, the patient was discharged after her sputum was cleared from AFB (two negative sets). In light of pembrolizumab mechanism of action as an immune checkpoint inhibitor, we suspected its implication on reactivating latent TB which was observed in our patient demonstrating features of pulmonary tuberculosis. She was not re-challenged with Pembrolizumab following TB diagnosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.