ReviewNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2021
Cognitive function: holarchy or holacracy?
Review in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Is hypertension negatively associated with memory performance in women during climacteric? A systematic review.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of vitamin D on cognitive functions in healthy individuals: A systematic review in randomized controlled clinical trials.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Potential role of FNDC5 in exercise-induced improvement of cognitive function.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Review
- Parietal alpha and theta power predict cognitive training gains in middle-aged adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Memory-Guided Saccades in Subacute and Chronic Stroke: Secondary Data Analysis of the N-PEP-12 Clinical Study.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- The relationship and pathways between resting-state EEG, physical function, and cognitive function in older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Eye tracking assessment of Parkinson's disease: a clinical retrospective analysis.Journal of medicine and life · 2024Article
- Neuroprotective Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide Subchronic Treatment Against TBI-Induced Ferroptosis and Cognitive Deficits Mediated Through Wnt Signaling Pathway.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- The Effect of Beta-Carotene on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Cure of Alzheimer's Dementia Requires Addressing All of the Affected Brain Cell Types.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The cerebellum and cognitive neural networks.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Review
- The Neuroprotection Effects of Exosome in Central Nervous System Injuries: a New Target for Therapeutic Intervention.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes improve cognitive function in the aging brain by promoting neurogenesis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Circular RNA in Acute Central Nervous System Injuries: A New Target for Therapeutic Intervention.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cognition is the most complex function of the brain. When exploring the inner workings of cognitive processes, it is crucial to understand the complexity of the brain's dynamics. This paper aims to describe the integrated framework of the cognitive function, seen as the result of organization and interactions between several systems and subsystems. We briefly describe several organizational concepts, spanning from the reductionist hierarchical approach, up to the more dynamic theory of open complex systems. The homeostatic regulation of the mechanisms responsible for cognitive processes is showcased as a dynamic interplay between several anticorrelated mechanisms, which can be found at every level of the brain's organization, from molecular and cellular level to large-scale networks (e.g., excitation-inhibition, long-term plasticity-long-term depression, synchronization-desynchronization, segregation-integration, order-chaos). We support the hypothesis that cognitive function is the consequence of multiple network interactions, integrating intricate relationships between several systems, in addition to neural circuits.
Indexed as
Identifiers
33070201What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.