ArticleNeuroImage. Clinical2020
Olfactory bulb surroundings can help to distinguish Parkinson's disease from non-parkinsonian olfactory dysfunction.
Article in NeuroImage. Clinical, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thioredoxin-1 in the SNpc Regulates Subventricular Zone Neural Proliferation and Olfactory Bulb Neural Differentiation in MPTP-Induced Olfactory Dysfunction.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Exploring Olfactory Bulb Volume and Its Shrinkage in Aging and Neurodegeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.The Indian journal of radiology & imaging · 2026Article
- Case report of Parkinson's disease in isolated congenital anosmia with absent olfactory bulbs.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- The central cholinergic system as a therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- RNA sequencing of olfactory bulb in Parkinson's disease reveals gene alterations associated with olfactory dysfunction.Neurobiology of disease · 2024Article
- Specific structural changes in Parkinson's disease-related olfactory dysfunction compared to others forms of olfactory dysfunction.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2024Article
- Clinical significance of MRI-measured olfactory bulb height as an imaging biomarker of idiopathic Parkinson's disease.PloS one · 2024Article
- Olfactory Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease, Its Functional and Neuroanatomical Correlates.NeuroSci · 2023Review
- The Olfactory Bulb in Companion Animals-Anatomy, Physiology, and Clinical Importance.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- A quick test to objectify smell and taste dysfunction at home: a proof of concept for the validation of the chemosensory perception test.Chemical senses · 2023Article
- Olfactory Bulb Amyloid-β Correlates With Brain Thal Amyloid Phase and Severity of Cognitive Impairment.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2022Article
- International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2022Review
- Lewy body disease or diseases with Lewy bodies?NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2022Review
- Application of Deep Learning Models for Automated Identification of Parkinson's Disease: A Review (2011-2021).Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Association of Olfactory Impairment and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- Olfactory-Trigeminal Interactions in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.Chemical senses · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe olfactory bulb is one of the first regions of insult in Parkinson's disease (PD), consistent with the early onset of olfactory dysfunction. Investigations of the olfactory bulb may, therefore, help early pre-motor diagnosis. We aimed to investigate olfactory bulb and its surrounding regions in PD-related olfactory dysfunction when specifically compared to other forms of non-parkinsonian olfactory dysfunction (NPOD) and healthy controls.
methodsWe carried out MRI-based olfactory bulb volume measurements from T2-weighted imaging in scans from 15 patients diagnosed with PD, 15 patients with either post-viral or sinonasal NPOD and 15 control participants. Further, we applied a deep learning model (convolutional neural network; CNN) to scans of the olfactory bulb and its surrounding area to classify PD-related scans from NPOD-related scans.
resultsCompared to controls, both PD and NPOD patients had smaller olfactory bulbs, when measured manually (both p < .001) whereas no difference was found between PD and NPOD patients. In contrast, when a CNN was used to differentiate between PD patients and NPOD patients, an accuracy of 88.3% was achieved. The cortical area above the olfactory bulb which stretches around and into the olfactory sulcus appears to be a region of interest in the differentiation between PD and NPOD patients.
conclusionMeasures from and around the olfactory bulb in combination with the use of a deep learning model may help differentiate PD patients from patients with NPOD, which may be used to develop early diagnostic tools based on olfactory dysfunction.
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