ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2021
Inhaled corticosteroids downregulate the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in COPD through suppression of type I interferon.
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- The influence of prior use of inhaled corticosteroids on COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- The association between inhaled corticosteroid and the risks of SARS-COV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of infection and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Inhaled corticosteroids' effect on COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Canadian journal of respiratory therapy : CJRT = Revue canadienne de la therapie respiratoire : RCTR · 2023Pooled it
- Inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Effects of Budesonide on Coronavirus-Associated Receptor and Immune-Mediator Expression in Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Differential association of fluticasone furoate and budesonide with clinically detected COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Thrombophilic Changes and Hematological Complications in Asthmatic Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Association of Inhaled Corticosteroid Use with COVID-19 Severity and Hospitalization in Patients With and Without Respiratory Disease.Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery · 2025Article
- The Modulation of Cell Plasticity by Budesonide: Beyond the Metabolic and Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Glucocorticoids.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Pharmacogenomic Study of SARS-CoV-2 Treatments: Identifying Polymorphisms Associated with Treatment Response in COVID-19 Patients.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Antiviral roles of eosinophils in asthma and respiratory viral infection.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Review
- Targeting CD73 and correcting adenosinergic signaling in critically ill patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Appropriate Allergic Rhinitis Medications Can Reduce Systemic Steroid Requirement and Prevent Rhinosinusitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Impact of time intervals on drug efficacy and phenotypic outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Is using inhaled corticosteroid effective against COVID-19 pneumonia severity and mortality?Tuberkuloz ve toraks · 2024Observational
- Potential Protective Factors for Allergic Rhinitis Patients Infected with COVID-19.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Assessing the impact of long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy on patients with COVID-19 and coexisting chronic lung disease: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.Canadian journal of respiratory therapy : CJRT = Revue canadienne de la therapie respiratoire : RCTR · 2024Article
- Alveolar Hyperoxia and Exacerbation of Lung Injury in Critically Ill SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Airway Epithelial-Derived Immune Mediators in COVID-19.Viruses · 2023Review
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on byReply.2021
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe mechanisms underlying altered susceptibility and propensity to severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease in at-risk groups such as patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are poorly understood. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are widely used in COPD, but the extent to which these therapies protect or expose patients to risk of severe COVID-19 is unknown.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ICSs following pulmonary expression of the SARS-CoV-2 viral entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2).
methodsWe evaluated the effect of ICS administration on pulmonary ACE2 expression in vitro in human airway epithelial cell cultures and in vivo in mouse models of ICS administration. Mice deficient in the type I IFN-α/β receptor (Ifnar1
resultsICS administration attenuated ACE2 expression in mice, an effect that was reversed by exogenous IFN-β administration, and Ifnar1
conclusionICS therapies in COPD reduce expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2. This effect may thus contribute to altered susceptibility to COVID-19 in patients with COPD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.