Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33068435›Full record

ArticleNucleic acids research2021

AcrDB: a database of anti-CRISPR operons in prokaryotes and viruses.

Le Huang, Bowen Yang, Haidong Yi, Amina Asif, Jiawei Wang, Trevor Lithgow, Han Zhang, Fayyaz Ul Amir Afsar Minhas, Yanbin Yin

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nucleic acids research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Occurrence and applications of CRISPR-Cas systems in bifidobacteria.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Fold first, ask later: structure-informed function annotation ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  12. AcrDB update: Predicted 3D structures of anti-CRISPRs in human gut viromes.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.

Le HuangDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Bowen YangNebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
Haidong YiDepartment of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Amina AsifPakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), PO Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Jiawei WangInfection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
Trevor LithgowInfection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
Han ZhangCollege of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Fayyaz Ul Amir Afsar MinhasDepartment of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Yanbin YinNebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute · AUUniversity of Nebraska–Lincoln · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USNankai University · CNPakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences · PKUniversity of Warwick · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CRISPR-Cas is an anti-viral mechanism of prokaryotes that has been widely adopted for genome editing. To make CRISPR-Cas genome editing more controllable and safer to use, anti-CRISPR proteins have been recently exploited to prevent excessive/prolonged Cas nuclease cleavage. Anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins are encoded by (pro)phages/(pro)viruses, and have the ability to inhibit their host's CRISPR-Cas systems. We have built an online database AcrDB (http://bcb.unl.edu/AcrDB) by scanning ∼19 000 genomes of prokaryotes and viruses with AcrFinder, a recently developed Acr-Aca (Acr-associated regulator) operon prediction program. Proteins in Acr-Aca operons were further processed by two machine learning-based programs (AcRanker and PaCRISPR) to obtain numerical scores/ranks. Compared to other anti-CRISPR databases, AcrDB has the following unique features: (i) It is a genome-scale database with the largest collection of data (39 799 Acr-Aca operons containing Aca or Acr homologs); (ii) It offers a user-friendly web interface with various functions for browsing, graphically viewing, searching, and batch downloading Acr-Aca operons; (iii) It focuses on the genomic context of Acr and Aca candidates instead of individual Acr protein family and (iv) It collects data with three independent programs each having a unique data mining algorithm for cross validation. AcrDB will be a valuable resource to the anti-CRISPR research community.

Indexed as

Databases, GeneticCRISPR-Cas SystemsInternetOperonProkaryotic CellsViruses

Identifiers

PMID33068435
PMCPMC7778997
OpenAlexW3093405942

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.