ArticleBreast cancer (Tokyo, Japan)2021
KRAS expression is a prognostic indicator and associated with immune infiltration in breast cancer.
Article in Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of C1orf50 in breast cancer progression and prognosis.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Exploring the molecular mechanisms network of breast cancer by multi-omics analysis.Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology · 2025Article
- The relationship of KRAS expression with KRAS status, prognosis, and tumor-infiltrated T lymphocytes in colorectal cancer.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Enhancing the prediction of IDC breast cancer staging from gene expression profiles using hybrid feature selection methods and deep learning architecture.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2023Article
- K-Ras4A Plays a More Significant Role than K-Ras4B in Ductal Carcinoma of Breast.Iranian biomedical journal · 2023Article
- Case report: long-term sustained remission in a case of metastatic colon cancer with high microsatellite instability and KRAS exon 2 p.G12D mutation treated with fruquintinib after local radiotherapy: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- ARL2 is required for homologous recombination repair and colon cancer stem cell survival.FEBS open bio · 2022Article
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5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of death among women. KRAS is known as an oncogene, its expression also associates with cancer prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of KRAS expression in breast cancer and its relationship with immune infiltration.
methodsFirstly, the expression level and methylation of KRAS were analyzed. Then survival analysis was used to verify the prognostic capability of KRAS expression. After that, gene functional enrichment analysis was performed. The relationship between KRAS gene expression and immune infiltration was researched later.
resultsThe expression level of KRAS in breast cancer was increased (P = 2.2e-16). Tumor KRAS expression in the subtypes of basal-like, HER2-enriched, Luminal A and Luminal B were 1.64, 1.67, 1.51 and 1.42 times of normal, respectively. 13 methylation sites were different between tumor and normal tissues and associated with KRAS expression. Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that the high KRAS expression group had a poor prognosis (P = 0.0028). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, KRAS expression was an independent prognostic indicator (HR = 1.353, 95% CI 1.009-1.814, P = 0.044). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed enrichment of epidermal growth associated pathways. Additionally, different KRAS expression levels represented different tumor immune infiltration status, which may be caused by the influence of the RAS/MAPK and RAS/PI3K pathways on the level of PD-L1.
conclusionThis study suggests that KRAS expression can be used as a prognostic indicator of breast cancer, and it is closely related to tumor immune infiltration.
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