ArticleNature communications2020
Cryopreservation impairs 3-D migration and cytotoxicity of natural killer cells.
Article in Nature communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Natural killer cell cryopreservation: Influence of composition, temperature, and granules on post-thaw survival and function.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Review
- Advancing CAR-NK cell therapy in solid tumors: Current landscape and future directions.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- CAR-NK cell therapy for hematological malignancies.Blood advances · 2026Review
- Establishment and characterization of NKMS-1, a novel mouse NK cell line.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Vδ1 T cells exhibit high lactic acid resistance and antitumor activity in solid tumors.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Induction of stress granules alleviates programmed cell death induced by lysosomal damage during NK cell cryopreservation.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Immune cells employ intermittent integrin-mediated traction forces for 3D migration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- FlowCLOc, a New Tool for Selecting the Most Appropriate Antibodies in Flow Cytometry.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- 3D chemotaxis chip for investigating natural killer cell migration mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A new era of natural killer cell immunotherapy in tumor treatment: latest advances and cutting-edge perspectives from basic research to clinical practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CAR-NK Engineering to Overcome TME Barriers.Cells · 2025Review
- Prospects for Development and Commercialisation of Allogeneic CAR-Based Therapies for Autoimmune Disease.Biology · 2025Review
- Scalable production process development for NK cells targeting large-scale expansion.Regenerative therapy · 2025Article
- Restoring NK Cell Cytotoxicity Post-Cryopreservation via Synthetic Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- The bispecific innate cell engager AFM28 eliminates CD123Nature communications · 2025Article
- ErbB2/HER2-targeted CAR-NK cells eliminate breast cancer cells in an organoid model that recapitulates tumor progression.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Novel trispecific killer engager targeting B7-H3 enhances natural killer cell antitumor activity against head and neck cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Precision targeting of rhabdomyosarcoma by combining primary CAR NK cells and radiotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important effector cells in the immune response to cancer. Clinical trials on adoptively transferred NK cells in patients with solid tumors, however, have thus far been unsuccessful. As NK cells need to pass stringent safety evaluation tests before clinical use, the cells are cryopreserved to bridge the necessary evaluation time. Standard degranulation and chromium release cytotoxicity assays confirm the ability of cryopreserved NK cells to kill target cells. Here, we report that tumor cells embedded in a 3-dimensional collagen gel, however, are killed by cryopreserved NK cells at a 5.6-fold lower rate compared to fresh NK cells. This difference is mainly caused by a 6-fold decrease in the fraction of motile NK cells after cryopreservation. These findings may explain the persistent failure of NK cell therapy in patients with solid tumors and highlight the crucial role of a 3-D environment for testing NK cell function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.