ArticleBlood cancer journal2020
International Myeloma Working Group risk stratification model for smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM).
Article in Blood cancer journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 167 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Smoldering Myeloma High-Risk Patient Observation and Longitudinal Insight Trial
Evaluating the Impact of a 12-month Multi-Modal Lifestyle Management Intervention on Disease Relevant Biomarkers Associated With Monoclonal Gammopathy of Unknown Significance (MGUS) and Smoldering Myeloma (SM): A Prospective Intervention Pilot Study
Who cites it
167 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 265 citations in OpenAlex.
- Observation or treatment for smoldering multiple myeloma? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.Blood cancer journal · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of intervention versus watchful waiting on disease progression and overall survival in smoldering multiple myeloma: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Teclistamab versus lenalidomide-dexamethasone in high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma: a randomized phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Ciltacabtagene autoleucel in high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma: the CAR-PRISM phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Daratumumab in high-risk MGUS and low-risk smoldering myeloma: results of the Phase II D-PRISM study.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Deeper response predicts better outcomes in high-risk-smoldering-myeloma: results of the I-PRISM phase II clinical trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Trial
- The genomic profiling of high-risk smoldering myeloma patients treated with an intensive strategy unveils potential markers of resistance and progression.Blood cancer journal · 2024Trial
- Comparative analysis of three different serum-free light chain assays in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Phenotypic evolution of circulating plasma cells from early precursor stages to multiple myeloma.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Dynamic risk stratification in smoldering multiple myeloma: Integrating evolving biomarkers with the 2/20/20 Model.HemaSphere · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Smoldering multiple myeloma: a multi-country mixed-methods study on disease perceptions and patient treatment preferences.Future oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Free Light Chain Monomer-Dimer Pattern Analysis as Non-Invasive Tool in Predicting MGUS and SMM Progression.Cancers · 2026Article
- A Bioequivalence Study Comparing Two Pomalidomide Hard Capsule Formulations in Healthy Chilean Subjects.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles as Master Regulators of Immune Modulation in Multiple Myeloma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Signals in Peripheral Blood: Tracking Redox Status and DNA Damage Response During the Progression of Multiple Myeloma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Smoldering multiple myeloma: advances in diagnosis and risk stratification, and evolving therapeutic strategies.International journal of hematology · 2026Review
- CAR T cells take on precancers.Nature medicine · 2026Article
107 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
29 authors at 20 institutions in 13 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is an asymptomatic precursor state of multiple myeloma (MM). Recently, MM was redefined to include biomarkers predicting a high risk of progression from SMM, thus necessitating a redefinition of SMM and its risk stratification. We assembled a large cohort of SMM patients meeting the revised IMWG criteria to develop a new risk stratification system. We included 1996 patients, and using stepwise selection and multivariable analysis, we identified three independent factors predicting progression risk at 2 years: serum M-protein >2 g/dL (HR: 2.1), involved to uninvolved free light-chain ratio >20 (HR: 2.7), and marrow plasma cell infiltration >20% (HR: 2.4). This translates into 3 categories with increasing 2-year progression risk: 6% for low risk (38%; no risk factors, HR: 1); 18% for intermediate risk (33%; 1 factor; HR: 3.0), and 44% for high risk (29%; 2-3 factors). Addition of cytogenetic abnormalities (t(4;14), t(14;16), +1q, and/or del13q) allowed separation into 4 groups (low risk with 0, low intermediate risk with 1, intermediate risk with 2, and high risk with ≥3 risk factors) with 6, 23, 46, and 63% risk of progression in 2 years, respectively. The 2/20/20 risk stratification model can be easily implemented to identify high-risk SMM for clinical research and routine practice and will be widely applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.