Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33067404›Full record

ArticleNeurology2020

Sex differences in the association between major risk factors and the risk of stroke in the UK Biobank cohort study.

Sanne A E Peters, Cheryl Carcel, Elizabeth R C Millett, Mark Woodward

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
86citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
12.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

86 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 178 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Incidence of Stroke in People With Diabetes Compared to Those Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association · 2023
    Pooled it
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  4. Sex Disparities in ICH: Presentation, Care, and Outcomes in the TICH-2 Trial.Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
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  13. Endocrine enigmas: vascular health in females throughout the lifespan.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025
    Review
  14. Observational
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Tailoring cardiovascular risk prediction to females.The Journal of endocrinology · 2025
    Review
  18. Observational
  19. Vascular parkinsonism: an update.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025
    Review
  20. Article

26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 4 countries.

Sanne A E PetersFrom The George Institute for Global Health (S.A.E.P., E.R.C.M., M.W.), University of Oxford, UK; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (S.A.E.P.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; The George Institute for Global Health (C.C., M.W.), University of New South Wales; The University of Sydney (C.C.), Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Epidemiology (M.W.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. speters@georgeinstitute.org.uk.
Cheryl CarcelFrom The George Institute for Global Health (S.A.E.P., E.R.C.M., M.W.), University of Oxford, UK; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (S.A.E.P.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; The George Institute for Global Health (C.C., M.W.), University of New South Wales; The University of Sydney (C.C.), Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Epidemiology (M.W.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0001-8942-953X
Elizabeth R C MillettFrom The George Institute for Global Health (S.A.E.P., E.R.C.M., M.W.), University of Oxford, UK; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (S.A.E.P.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; The George Institute for Global Health (C.C., M.W.), University of New South Wales; The University of Sydney (C.C.), Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Epidemiology (M.W.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. speters@georgeinstitute.org.uk.
Mark WoodwardFrom The George Institute for Global Health (S.A.E.P., E.R.C.M., M.W.), University of Oxford, UK; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (S.A.E.P.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; The George Institute for Global Health (C.C., M.W.), University of New South Wales; The University of Sydney (C.C.), Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Epidemiology (M.W.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
The University of Sydney · AU

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_PC_17228Medical Research Council MC_QA137853Medical Research Council MR/P014550/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine whether there are sex differences in the association between risk factors and incident stroke, including stroke subtypes.

methodsA total of 471,971 (56% women) UK Biobank participants without a history of cardiovascular disease were included. During 9 years of follow-up, 4,662 (44% women) cases of stroke were recorded. Cox models yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and women-to-men ratios of HRs (RHRs) for stroke associated with 7 risk factors.

resultsThe incidence rate per 10,000 person-years was 8.66 (8.29-9.04) in women and 13.96 (13.44-14.50) in men for any stroke, 6.06 (5.75-6.38) in women and 11.35 (10.88; 11.84) in men for ischemic stroke, and 1.56 (1.41-1.73) in women and 2.23 (2.02-2.45) in men for hemorrhagic stroke. The association between increases in blood pressure, body anthropometry, and lipids, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation and any stroke was similar between men and women. Hypertension, smoking, and a low socioeconomic status were associated with a greater HR of any stroke in women than men; the RHRs were 1.36 (1.26-1.47), 1.18 (1.02-1.36), and 1.17 (1.03-1.33), respectively. Diabetes was associated with a higher HR of ischemic stroke in women than men (RHR 1.25 [1.00-1.56]). Atrial fibrillation was associated with a higher HR of hemorrhagic stroke in women than men (RHR 2.80 [1.07-7.36]).

conclusionSeveral risk factors are more strongly associated with the risk of any stroke or stroke subtypes in women compared with men. Despite this, the incidence of stroke remains higher among men than women.

Indexed as

Sex FactorsAdultAgedAtrial FibrillationBiological Specimen BanksBrain IschemiaCerebral HemorrhageCohort StudiesDiabetes MellitusFemaleHumansHypertensionIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID33067404
PMCPMC7734722
OpenAlexW3092984067

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.