ArticleArthritis research & therapy2020
The absolute risk of gout by clusters of gout-associated comorbidities and lifestyle factors-30 years follow-up of the Malmö Preventive Project.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of vitamin C supplementation on gout risk: results from the Physicians' Health Study II trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Association between remnant cholesterol level and gout in US adults.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Gout and rheumatoid arthritis are associated with subclinical vascular damage, reduced brachial vasoreactivity and coronary microvascular dysfunction: a case-control study.Rheumatology international · 2025Article
- Article
- Increased risk of incident gout in young men with metabolic syndrome: A nationwide population-based cohort study of 3.5 million men.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Medical Students' Perspective and Knowledge of Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia and Gout Management: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundGout is predicted by a number of comorbidities and lifestyle factors. We aimed to identify discrete phenotype clusters of these factors in a Swedish population-based health survey. In these clusters, we calculated and compared the incidence and relative risk of gout.
methodsCluster analyses were performed to group variables with close proximity and to obtain homogenous clusters of individuals (n = 22,057) in the Malmö Preventive Project (MPP) cohort. Variables clustered included obesity, kidney dysfunction, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), dyslipidemia, pulmonary dysfunction (PD), smoking, and the use of diuretics. Incidence rates and hazard ratios (HRs) for gout, adjusted for age and sex, were computed for each cluster.
resultsFive clusters (C1-C5) were identified. Cluster C1 (n = 16,063) was characterized by few comorbidities. All participants in C2 (n = 750) had kidney dysfunction (100%), and none had CVD. In C3 (n = 528), 100% had CVD and most participants were smokers (74%). C4 (n = 3673) had the greatest fractions of obesity (34%) and dyslipidemia (74%). In C5 (n = 1043), proportions with DM (51%), hypertension (54%), and diuretics (52%) were highest. C1 was by far the most common in the population (73%), followed by C4 (17%). These two pathways included 86% of incident gout cases. The four smaller clusters (C2-C5) had higher incidence rates and a 2- to 3-fold increased risk for incident gout.
conclusionsFive distinct clusters based on gout-related comorbidities and lifestyle factors were identified. Most incident gout cases occurred in the cluster of few comorbidities, and the four comorbidity pathways had overall a modest influence on the incidence of gout.
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