Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33066701›Full record

ArticleViruses2020

Amplicon-Based Detection and Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Swabs from Patients With COVID-19 and Identification of Deletions in the Viral Genome That Encode Proteins Involved in Interferon Antagonism.

Shona C Moore, Rebekah Penrice-Randal, Muhannad Alruwaili, Nadine Randle, Stuart Armstrong, Catherine Hartley, Sam Haldenby, Xiaofeng Dong, Abdulrahman Alrezaihi, Mai Almsaud and 36 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Simultaneous and sensitive detection ofFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

46 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.

Shona C MooreInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Rebekah Penrice-RandalInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0653-2097
Muhannad AlruwailiInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7642-4534
Nadine RandleInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3775-9585
Stuart ArmstrongInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Catherine HartleyInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9014-1015
Sam HaldenbyInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Xiaofeng DongInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Abdulrahman AlrezaihiInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7952-2738
Mai AlmsaudInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Eleanor BentleyInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Jordan ClarkInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1790-7883
Isabel García-DorivalInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5654-5662
Paul GilmoreInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Ximeng HanInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Benjamin JonesInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Lisa LuuInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7748-5961
Parul SharmaInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9090-7540
Ghada ShawliInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Yani SunInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Qin ZhaoInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Steven T PullanNational Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK.
Daniel P CarterNational Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK.
Kevin BewleyNational Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK.
Jake DunningNational Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4035-4562
En-Min ZhouCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
Tom SolomonInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Michael BeadsworthTropical & Infectious Disease Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (a member of Liverpool Health Partners), Liverpool L7 8XP, UK.
James CruiseTropical & Infectious Disease Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (a member of Liverpool Health Partners), Liverpool L7 8XP, UK.
Derrick W CrookNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
David A MatthewsSchool of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
Andrew D DavidsonSchool of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
Zana MahmoodInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Waleed AljabrInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9385-2776
Julian DruceThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
Richard VipondNational Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK.
Lisa NgInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4071-5222
Laurent ReniaInfectious Diseases Horizontal Technology Centre (ID HTC), A*STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-0349-1557
Peter J M OpenshawFaculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
J Kenneth BaillieRoslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK.
Miles W CarrollNational Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK.
James StewartInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8928-2037
Alistair DarbyInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Malcolm SempleInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9700-0418
Lance TurtleInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Julian A HiscoxInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
University of Liverpool · GBAgency for Science, Technology and Research · SGPublic Health England · GBUniversity of Bristol · GBImperial College London · GBNorthwest A&F University · CNPeter Doherty Institute · AURoslin Institute · GBUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

Department of Health IS-HPU-1112-10117Medical Research Council MC_PC_19025Medical Research Council MC_PC_19059Medical Research Council MC_PC_20029Medical Research Council MR/R502121/1Medical Research Council MR/V033441/1Wellcome Trust 205228/Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Sequencing the viral genome as the outbreak progresses is important, particularly in the identification of emerging isolates with different pathogenic potential and to identify whether nucleotide changes in the genome will impair clinical diagnostic tools such as real-time PCR assays. Although single nucleotide polymorphisms and point mutations occur during the replication of coronaviruses, one of the biggest drivers in genetic change is recombination. This can manifest itself in insertions and/or deletions in the viral genome. Therefore, sequencing strategies that underpin molecular epidemiology and inform virus biology in patients should take these factors into account. A long amplicon/read length-based RT-PCR sequencing approach focused on the Oxford Nanopore MinION/GridION platforms was developed to identify and sequence the SARS-CoV-2 genome in samples from patients with or suspected of COVID-19. The protocol, termed Rapid Sequencing Long Amplicons (RSLAs) used random primers to generate cDNA from RNA purified from a sample from a patient, followed by single or multiplex PCRs to generate longer amplicons of the viral genome. The base protocol was used to identify SARS-CoV-2 in a variety of clinical samples and proved sensitive in identifying viral RNA in samples from patients that had been declared negative using other nucleic acid-based assays (false negative). Sequencing the amplicons revealed that a number of patients had a proportion of viral genomes with deletions.

Indexed as

BetacoronavirusClinical Laboratory TechniquesCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19COVID-19 TestingCOVID-19 VaccinesDNA, ComplementaryDNA, ViralGenome, ViralHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansMolecular EpidemiologyMultiplex Polymerase Chain ReactionPandemicsPneumonia, ViralReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionCovid-19 aAPC vaccineCOVID-19 VaccinesDNA, ComplementaryDNA, ViralRNA, ViralampliconMinIONnext-generation sequencingSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID33066701
PMCPMC7602519
OpenAlexW3092684668

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.