ReviewPharmaceutics2020
Carbohydrate Immune Adjuvants in Subunit Vaccines.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Virobiome-mediated regulation of microbiota-gut-brain axis signaling and neuroimmune homeostasis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Advances in the Functionalization of Vaccine Delivery Systems: Innovative Strategies and Translational Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Challenges and Advances in Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Unveiling the immunomodulatory properties of starch microparticles on alveolar macrophages.PloS one · 2025Article
- Mannose and Lactobionic Acid in Nasal Vaccination: Enhancing Antigen Delivery via C-Type Lectin Receptors.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Limitations and potential strategies of immune checkpoint blockade in age-related neurodegenerative disorders.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2024Review
- Review
- The Development of Surface-Modified Liposomes as an Intranasal Delivery System for Group A Streptococcus Vaccines.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Dynamic Imine Bonding Facilitates Mannan Release from a Nanofibrous Peptide Hydrogel.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2023Article
- Article
- GANAB andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Review
- Peptide-Based Vaccines for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Recent Endeavors and Future Perspectives.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Novel Vaccine Adjuvants as Key Tools for Improving Pandemic Preparedness.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cyclic Dipeptides: The Biological and Structural Landscape with Special Focus on the Anti-Cancer Proline-Based Scaffold.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Recent and Future Advances in the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Homogeneous Glycans for Bacterial Glycoconjugate Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Bioactive Lipids and Their Derivatives in Biomedical Applications.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2021Review
- Article
- Chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, gums, and β-glucan as potent adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems for viral threats including SARS-CoV-2: A review.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2021Review
- Chemical Conjugation Strategies for the Development of Protein-Based Subunit Nanovaccines.Vaccines · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Modern subunit vaccines are composed of antigens and a delivery system and/or adjuvant (immune stimulator) that triggers the desired immune responses. Adjuvants mimic pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are typically associated with infections. Carbohydrates displayed on the surface of pathogens are often recognized as PAMPs by receptors on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Consequently, carbohydrates and their analogues have been used as adjuvants and delivery systems to promote antigen transport to APCs. Carbohydrates are biocompatible, usually nontoxic, biodegradable, and some are mucoadhesive. As such, carbohydrates and their derivatives have been intensively explored for the development of new adjuvants. This review assesses the immunological functions of carbohydrate ligands and their ability to enhance systemic and mucosal immune responses against co-administered antigens. The role of carbohydrate-based adjuvants/delivery systems in the development of subunit vaccines is discussed in detail.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.