ReviewToxics2020
Cadmium and Lead Exposure, Nephrotoxicity, and Mortality.
Review in Toxics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05031013 (Trace Elements Concentration in Dialysis), which is not on this map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Trace Elements Concentration in Dialysis
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Fluoride as a Modifier of Metallome Homeostasis: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- Review
- Potentially Toxic Element (PTE) Contamination in Raw Cow Milk: Insights into Concentration Levels and Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Toxic Elements in Commercial Dried Mushrooms from the Polish Market: Exposure Assessment and Health Risk Characterization.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Hidden Hazards: Blood Lead and Cadmium Levels Associated with Biochemical and Hematological Markers.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2026Article
- Environmental tobacco smoke is a major contributor to lead, cadmium, and arsenic in settled house dust.Chemosphere · 2026Article
- Trace Element Intake from Dairy-Free Infant Porridges and Its Nutritional and Safety Implications for Infants Aged Six Months and Older.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Human health implications of metal pollution in the Betwa-Yamuna river system, India: evidence from Monte Carlo risk modelling.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Toward Optimized Platinum Therapy: A Risk Prediction Model for Toxicity Based on Platinum Accumulation and Its Impact on Treatment Outcomes.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Heavy Metal Contamination in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): A Public Health Risk Assessment in Bangladesh.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Assessing the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in vegetables from Gombe Markets, Northern Nigeria.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2025Article
- Density functional theory insights into the solvent effect on the binding energies of CdRSC advances · 2025Article
- Association between blood lead and gastrointestinal cancers among US adults: A cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2003-2016.Medicine · 2025Article
- Examining the Relationships Between Blood Cadmium, DNA Methylation Biomarker, Telomere Length, and Their Associations with Mortality in U.S. Adults.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Lead exposure in relation to gut homeostasis, microbiota, and metabolites.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Review
- Association of Blood Heavy Metals with Diabetic Foot Ulcers in U.S. Adults with Diabetes: Insights from the 1999-2004 NHANES Data.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Article
- Cadmium exposure, epigenetic modifications, and serum cystatin C: insights into mediated pathways and mortality risks in U.S. adults.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Metal Nanoparticles Produced Using Autotrophs and Their Bioproducts: A Comparative Overview between Photosynthesizing Taxonomic Groups.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Combination of 10-hydroxy-decanoic acid and ZnO nanoparticles abrogates lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The present review aims to provide an update on health risks associated with the low-to-moderate levels of environmental cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) to which most populations are exposed. Epidemiological studies examining the adverse effects of coexposure to Cd and Pb have shown that Pb may enhance the nephrotoxicity of Cd and vice versa. Herein, the existing tolerable intake levels of Cd and Pb are discussed together with the conventional urinary Cd threshold limit of 5.24 μg/g creatinine. Dietary sources of Cd and Pb and the intake levels reported for average consumers in the U.S., Spain, Korea, Germany and China are summarized. The utility of urine, whole blood, plasma/serum, and erythrocytes to quantify exposure levels of Cd and Pb are discussed. Epidemiological studies that linked one of these measurements to risks of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality from common ailments are reviewed. A Cd intake level of 23.2 μg/day, which is less than half the safe intake stated by the guidelines, may increase the risk of CKD by 73%, and urinary Cd levels one-tenth of the threshold limit, defined by excessive ß
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.